The Japanese government declared a state of emergency from 7 April to 25 May to limit people’s movement due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This pandemic negatively affects athletes’ body composition due to inactivity. Therefore, we compared the body composition data (i.e., fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM)), of 43 Japanese elite fencers (22 men, 21 women), in September 2019 for baseline, and of 21 (12 men, 9 women) who completed the following measurements in June 2020 (POST; immediately after rescinding the emergency state) and September 2020 (POST-4M; 4-months after rescinding the emergency state). Results at baseline indicate no significant differences in body compositions among fencing disciplines. We also confirmed no significant changes in body mass during the 1-year investigation period in either sex. There were no time-course changes in men’s FFM and FM; however, time-course changes in women’s FM were observed. Compared to the baseline, FM values were significantly higher at POST and then returned to baseline levels at POST-4M in women. In conclusion, the 2-month stay-at-home period due to COVID-19 negatively affected women’s FM changes, but not their FFM or men’s FM.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 环境对日本优秀击剑运动员身体成分变化的影响

日本政府于 4 月 7 日至 5 月 25 日宣布进入紧急状态，以限制因冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行而引起的人员流动。由于不活动，这种流行病对运动员的身体成分产生了负面影响。因此，我们比较了 2019 年 9 月 43 名日本精英击剑运动员（22 名男性，21 名女性）和 21 名（12男性，9 名女性）在 2020 年 6 月（POST；解除紧急状态后立即）和 2020 年 9 月（POST-4M；解除紧急状态后 4 个月）完成了以下测量。基线结果表明，击剑学科之间的身体成分没有显着差异。我们还证实，在 1 年的调查期间，任何一种性别的体重都没有显着变化。男性的FFM和FM没有时间变化；然而，观察到女性 FM 的时间进程变化。与基线相比，女性在 POST 时的 FM 值显着更高，然后在 POST-4M 时恢复到基线水平。总之，由于 COVID-19 导致的 2 个月居家隔离对女性的 FM 变化产生了负面影响，但对她们的 FFM 或男性的 FM 没有负面影响。