In chemical industry, sensors are used to monitor the leakage and emission of hazardous materials that are used for hazard warning and risk assessment to ensure safety production. The traditional sensor layout designs the scheme at single-layer, and thus causes large deviations in the estimated height and accuracy of source term estimation (STE). In this study, a dual-layer layout scheme for sensors is proposed. The numerical experiments verify that the improved schemes with an equal number of sensors, as well as detection errors, are beneficial to the accuracy of the STE results. The influence of the heights of the sensors and leak source on the results of STE is studied. Results show that the dual-layer sensor scheme with adjacent intervals at high places in the potential search space is highly favorable to locate the leak, and the scheme arranged near the ground is conducive for improving the estimation accuracy of source intensity. This study also compares the STE results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulated scenarios under different sensor schemes and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed dual-layer sensor deployment scheme with adjacent intervals under turbulence condition.

在化工行业，传感器用于监测危险物质的泄漏和排放，用于危险预警和风险评估，以确保安全生产。传统的传感器布局在单层设计方案，从而导致源项估计（STE）的估计高度和精度存在较大偏差。在这项研究中，提出了传感器的双层布局方案。数值实验验证了具有相同传感器数量以及检测误差的改进方案有利于STE结果的准确性。研究了传感器高度和泄漏源对STE结果的影响。结果表明，在潜在搜索空间中高处相邻间隔的双层传感器方案非常有利于定位泄漏，靠近地面布置的方案有利于提高源强估计精度。本研究还比较了不同传感器方案下计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模拟场景的 STE 结果，并验证了所提出的双层传感器部署方案在湍流条件下具有相邻间隔的有效性。