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Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable, especially for predicting zoochory and long-distance dispersal
Oikos ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 , DOI: 10.1111/oik.08327
Andy J. Green 1 , Christophe Baltzinger 2 , Ádám Lovas‐Kiss 3
Affiliation  

Plant dispersal syndromes are allocated based on diaspore morphology and used to predict the dominant mechanisms of dispersal. Many authors assume that only angiosperms with endozoochory, epizoochory or anemochory syndromes have a long-distance dispersal (LDD) mechanism. Too much faith is often placed in classical syndromes to explain historical dispersal events and to predict future ones. What is usually recorded as the ‘endozoochory syndrome' is in reality a ‘frugivory syndrome' and this has often diverted attention from endozoochory by non-frugivores (e.g. waterbirds and large herbivores) that disperse a broad range of angiosperms, for which they likely provide the maximum dispersal distances. Neither the endozoochory nor the epizoochory syndromes provide helpful predictions of which plants non-frugivores disperse, or by which mechanism. We combined data from previous studies to show that only 4% of European plant species dispersed by ungulate endozoochory belong to the corresponding syndrome, compared to 36% for ungulate epizoochory and 8% for endozoochory by migratory ducks. In contrast, the proportions of these species that are assigned to an ‘unassisted syndrome' are 37, 31 and 28%, respectively. Since allocated syndromes do not adequately account for zoochory, empirical studies often fail to find the expected relationship between syndromes and LDD events such as those underlying the colonization of islands or latitudinal migration rates. We need full incorporation of existing zoochory data into dispersal databases, and more empirical research into the relationship between plant traits and the frequency and effectiveness of different dispersal mechanisms (paying attention to unexpected vectors). Acknowledging the broad role of non-frugivores in facilitating LDD is crucial to improve predictions of the consequences of global change, such as how plant distributions respond to climate change, and how alien plants spread. Networks of dispersal interactions between these vertebrates and plants are a vital but understudied part of the Web of Life.

中文翻译:

植物传播综合征是不可靠的,特别是对于预测动物和长距离传播

植物散布综合征是根据水铝石形态分配的,并用于预测散布的主要机制。许多作者假设只有具有内生动物、外生动物或风速综合征的被子植物具有长距离扩散 (LDD) 机制。人们常常过于相信经典综合症来解释历史的传播事件并预测未来的事件。通常被记录为“内生动物综合症”的东西实际上是一种“食果动物综合症”,这经常将注意力从内生动物转移到分散广泛的被子植物的非食果动物(例如水鸟和大型食草动物)中,它们可能提供最大分散距离。内生动物和外生动物综合征都不能对哪些植物非果食动物分散或通过哪种机制提供有用的预测。我们结合先前研究的数据表明,有蹄类动物内生动物散布的欧洲植物物种中只有 4% 属于相应的综合征,相比之下,有蹄类动物外生动物为 36%,迁徙鸭内生动物为 8%。相比之下,这些物种被归为“无辅助综合征”的比例分别为 37%、31% 和 28%。由于分配的综合征不能充分解释动物饲养,实证研究通常无法找到综合征与 LDD 事件之间的预期关系,例如岛屿殖民化或纬度迁移率的潜在关系。我们需要将现有的动物园数据完全整合到分散数据库中,以及更多关于植物性状与不同传播机制的频率和有效性之间关系的实证研究(注意意外的载体)。承认非食果动物在促进 LDD 方面的广泛作用对于改进对全球变化后果的预测至关重要,例如植物分布如何应对气候变化,以及外来植物如何传播。这些脊椎动物和植物之间的传播相互作用网络是生命网络中一个重要但未被充分研究的部分。
更新日期:2021-06-24
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