Abstract

The livestock sector constitutes 14.5% of global green-house gas (GHG) emissions and soil and water pollution due to nitrogen excretion. Methane and nitrogen excretions in ruminants can be mitigated by specific feeding strategies, and tannins reduce methanogenesis and ammonia syntheses. In our study, two kinds of condensed tannins (Mimosa and Gambier) and two kinds of hydrolysable tannins (Chestnut and Tara) were added (4 g/100 g DM) to a basal feed (barley: 48 g/100 g DM, wheat bran: 23 g/100 g DM, dehydrated alfalfa hay:15 g/100 g DM, soybean meal: 10 g/100 g DM and molasses: 2 g/100 g DM), inoculated with rumen fluid and fermented for 24 h. The methane, ammonia, fatty acid and plasmalogen lipid profile were determined. The results confirmed that tannins are an important family of heterogeneous compounds whose effect on rumen metabolism is strongly linked to their different characteristics. Chestnut tannin extract was shown to be a good compromise. It improved the sustainability of ruminant rearing by decreasing methanogenesis (control feed 0.159 vs chestnut feed 0.137 mmol/L rumen fluid; p = .0326), ammonia production (control feed 248 vs chestnut feed 179 mg/L rumen fluid; p < .0001) and enhancing acetate synthesis (production rate: chestnut 68.68% vs 49.64% of control).

• HIGHLIGHTS

• Tannin extracts from trees and shrubs can be used to modulate rumen fermentation.

• The positive effect of chestnut tannin extract was demonstrated on methane and ammonia production.

• Tannins showed no protective action on C18:2 trans 11.

摘要

由于氮排泄，畜牧业占全球温室气体 (GHG) 排放和土壤和水污染的 14.5%。反刍动物的甲烷和氮排泄可以通过特定的饲养策略来减轻，单宁可以减少甲烷生成和氨合成。在我们的研究中，将两种缩合单宁（含羞草和甘比尔）和两种可水解单宁（栗子和塔拉）添加到基础饲料中（4 g/100 g DM）（大麦：48 g/100 g DM，小麦麸皮：23 g/100 g DM，脱水苜蓿干草：15 g/100 g DM，豆粕：10 g/100 g DM 和糖蜜：2 g/100 g DM)，接种瘤胃液并发酵 24 h。测定了甲烷、氨、脂肪酸和缩醛磷脂脂质谱。结果证实单宁是一类重要的异质化合物，其对瘤胃代谢的影响与其不同的特性密切相关。板栗单宁提取物被证明是一个很好的折衷方案。它通过减少产甲烷作用提高了反刍动物饲养的可持续性（对照饲料 0.159vs栗子饲料 0.137 mmol/L 瘤胃液；p  = .0326)、氨产量（对照饲料 248与栗饲料 179 mg/L 瘤胃液；p  < .0001）和增强醋酸盐合成（产率：栗 68.68%与对照的49.64%）。

• 强调

• 来自树木和灌木的单宁提取物可用于调节瘤胃发酵。

• 栗子单宁提取物对甲烷和氨的产生具有积极作用。

• 单宁对 C18:2 trans 11 没有保护作用。