Mosquito-transmitted arboviruses constitute a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases that are both a public health problem and a threat to animal populations. Many such viruses were identified in East Africa, a region where they remain important and from where new arboviruses may emerge. We set out to describe and review the relevant mosquito-borne viruses that have been identified specifically in Uganda. We focused on the discovery, burden, mode of transmission, animal hosts and clinical manifestation of those previously involved in disease outbreaks. A search for mosquito-borne arboviruses detected in Uganda was conducted using search terms ‘Arboviruses in Uganda’ and ‘Mosquitoes and Viruses in Uganda’ in PubMed and Google Scholar in 2020. Twenty-four mosquito-borne viruses from different animal hosts, humans and mosquitoes were documented. The majority of these were from family Peribunyaviridae, followed by Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Phenuiviridae and only one each from family Rhabdoviridae and Reoviridae. Sixteen (66.7 %) of the viruses were associated with febrile illnesses. Ten (41.7 %) of them were first described locally in Uganda. Six of these are a public threat as they have been previously associated with disease outbreaks either within or outside Uganda. Historically, there is a high burden and endemicity of arboviruses in Uganda. Given the many diverse mosquito species known in the country, there is also a likelihood of many undescribed mosquito-borne viruses. New generation diagnostic platforms have great potential to identify new viruses. Indeed, four novel viruses, two of which were from humans (Ntwetwe and Nyangole viruses) and two from mosquitoes (Kibale and Mburo viruses) including the 2010 yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak were identified in the last decade using next generation sequencing. Given the unbiased approach of detection of viruses by this technology, its use will undoubtedly be critically important in the characterization of mosquito viromes which in turn will inform other diagnostic efforts.

中文翻译：

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乌干达的蚊媒虫媒病毒：历史、传播和负担

蚊媒传播的虫媒病毒构成了新发传染病的很大一部分，这些传染病既是公共卫生问题，也是对动物种群的威胁。在东非发现了许多此类病毒，在该地区它们仍然很重要，并且可能会出现新的虫媒病毒。我们着手描述和审查在乌干达特别确定的相关蚊媒病毒。我们专注于以前参与疾病暴发的那些人的发现、负担、传播方式、动物宿主和临床表现。2020 年在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 中使用搜索词“乌干达的虫媒病毒”和“乌干达的蚊子和病毒”对在乌干达检测到的蚊媒虫媒病毒进行了搜索。来自不同动物宿主的 24 种蚊媒病毒，人类和蚊子都被记录在案。其中大部分来自家人Peribunyaviridae，其次是黄病毒科、披膜病毒科、Phenuiviridae，弹状病毒科和呼肠孤病毒科各只有一种. 16 种 (66.7%) 的病毒与发热性疾病有关。其中 10 种 (41.7%) 在乌干达当地首次被描述。其中六个是公共威胁，因为它们以前与乌干达境内或境外的疾病爆发有关。从历史上看，乌干达虫媒病毒的负担和地方性很高。鉴于该国已知的蚊子种类繁多，因此也可能存在许多未描述的蚊媒病毒。新一代诊断平台具有识别新病毒的巨大潜力。实际上，在过去十年中使用下一代测序鉴定了四种新型病毒，其中两种来自人类（Ntwetwe 和 Nyangole 病毒），两种来自蚊子（Kibale 和 Mburo 病毒），包括 2010 年黄热病病毒 (YFV) 爆发。