This study examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM) among manufacturing firms from a developing economy, Pakistan. To deal with the CSR measurement and data bias, a multimethod approach has applied to measure CSR (both qualitative and quantitative approaches). This research has also established CSR disclosure indices and CSR monetary spending ratio (CSR MSR). Moreover, this research examines both types of EM (accrual-based as well as real activities-based) and used annual data set from 2009 to 2018 for 160 nonfinancial firms. For empirical analysis, the two-stage least square (2SLS) and pooled ordinary least square (POLS) regressions are used. This study finds a negative relationship between CSR and EM, and it supports the notion that firms' commitment to CSR is largely driven by long-term perspective. However, with respect to each measure of EM and CSR, this relationship is asymmetric.

中文翻译：

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企业社会责任与盈余管理的关系：可持续还是机会主义

本研究探讨了来自发展中经济体巴基斯坦的制造企业之间的企业社会责任 (CSR) 和盈余管理 (EM) 之间的关联。为了处理 CSR 测量和数据偏差，采用多方法方法来测量 CSR（定性和定量方法）。本研究还建立了企业社会责任披露指数和企业社会责任货币支出比率（CSR MSR）。此外，本研究检查了两种类型的新兴市场（基于应计制和基于实际活动），并使用了 2009 年至 2018 年 160 家非金融公司的年度数据集。对于经验分析，使用两阶段最小二乘 (2SLS) 和合并普通最小二乘 (POLS) 回归。本研究发现企业社会责任与新兴市场之间存在负相关关系，它支持了企业的概念 对企业社会责任的承诺很大程度上是由长远的眼光驱动的。然而，对于 EM 和 CSR 的每个度量，这种关系是不对称的。