Children born preterm are at increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subclinical attention problems. The ADHD profile that presents following prematurity has been characterized by inattention without impulsivity or hyperactivity. This supports the existence of a preterm attentional phenotype. This review aims to examine the preterm attentional profile regarding three attention networks: alerting, orienting, and executive attention, and to survey the methods used for measuring attention networks. We conclude that prematurity is associated with impairments in the attention networks, but a robust and detailed articulation of a distinctive preterm attention phenotype cannot be ascertained from the available data. Future research should focus on addressing methodological challenges associated with measuring attention, protocol harmonization, open data sharing, and longitudinal studies utilizing a variety of measurement types. Delineating the developmental trajectory of attention will improve understanding of the pathway from prematurity to attentional problems including ADHD and guide interventions.

中文翻译：

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早产后的注意力概况：从婴儿期到成年期的方法和发现的回顾

早产儿患注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 和亚临床注意力问题的风险增加。早产后出现的 ADHD 特征是注意力不集中，没有冲动或多动。这支持早产注意表型的存在。本综述旨在检查关于三个注意力网络的早产注意力特征：警报、定向和执行注意力，并调查用于测量注意力网络的方法。我们得出结论，早产与注意力网络的损伤有关，但无法从可用数据中确定对独特早产注意力表型的稳健和详细的阐述。未来的研究应侧重于解决与衡量注意力相关的方法论挑战，协议协调、开放数据共享和利用各种测量类型的纵向研究。描绘注意力的发展轨迹将提高对从早产到注意力问题（包括多动症）和指导干预的途径的理解。