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Contrasting effects of d-amphetamine and atomoxetine on measures of impulsive action and choice
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173220
Guy A Higgins 1 , Matt Brown 2 , Cam MacMillan 2 , Leo B Silenieks 2 , Sandy Thevarkunnel 2
Affiliation  

Amphetamine (AMP) and atomoxetine (ATX) represent two of the most widely studied drug treatments used in the investigation of impulsive behaviour. While both drugs have relatively well defined effects in tests designed to investigate impulsive action (e.g. 5-choice task; 5-CSRTT), the effects of both drugs in tests of impulsive choice (e.g. delay discounting) are less consistent. In the present study both AMP and ATX were tested in a rodent gambling task (rGT) and delay discounting in rats separately trained to either an ascending or descending delay schedule. Effects of both drugs were compared to measures of impulsive action (premature (PREM) responses) and perseverative (PSV) responses measured in the 5-choice and rGT tasks. Consistent with previous studies, AMP (0.1–1 mg/kg) increased both PREM and PSV responses, and ATX (0.5–2 mg/kg) reduced both measures in the 5-choice and rGT tasks. At equivalent doses ATX had no reliable effect on choice behaviour in either the rGT or delay discounting suggesting a null effect of this drug on impulsive choice and risky decision making. The effects of AMP were more complex, with a subtle shift in preference to a low risk (P1) choice in the rGT, and an effect on discounting that was unrelated to reinforcer value, but instead dependent on delay sequence and baseline choice preference. One aspect to these outcomes is to highlight the importance of multiple methodological factors when assessing drug effects on complex behaviours such as impulsive choice, and question what are the most appropriate test conditions under which to examine these drugs on discounting.



中文翻译:

d-苯丙胺和托莫西汀对冲动行为和选择测量的对比效果

安非他明 (AMP) 和托莫西汀 (ATX) 代表了用于研究冲动行为的两种最广泛研究的药物治疗。虽然两种药物在旨在研究冲动行为的测试(例如 5 选择任务;5-CSRTT)中具有相对明确的效果,但两种药物在冲动选择测试(例如延迟折扣)中的效果不太一致。在本研究中,AMP 和 ATX 都在啮齿动物赌博任务 (rGT) 中进行了测试,并在分别接受上升或下降延迟时间表训练的大鼠中进行了延迟折扣。将两种药物的效果与在 5 选择和 rGT 任务中测量的冲动行为(过早 (PREM) 反应)和持久性 (PSV) 反应的测量值进行比较。与之前的研究一致,AMP (0.1–1 mg/kg) 增加了 PREM 和 PSV 反应,而 ATX (0. 5–2 mg/kg) 降低了 5-choice 和 rGT 任务中的两个测量值。在同等剂量的 ATX 对 rGT 或延迟折扣中的选择行为没有可靠的影响,表明该药物对冲动选择和风险决策的无效影响。AMP 的影响更为复杂,在 rGT 中偏向低风险 (P1) 选择的偏好发生了微妙的转变,并且对折扣的影响与强化物值无关,而是取决于延迟序列和基线选择偏好。这些结果的一个方面是在评估药物对复杂行为(如冲动选择)的影响时强调多种方法学因素的重要性,并质疑在哪些条件下检查这些药物的折扣最合适的测试条件。在同等剂量的 ATX 对 rGT 或延迟折扣中的选择行为没有可靠的影响,表明该药物对冲动选择和风险决策的无效影响。AMP 的影响更为复杂,在 rGT 中偏向低风险 (P1) 选择的偏好发生了微妙的转变,并且对折扣的影响与强化物值无关,而是取决于延迟序列和基线选择偏好。这些结果的一个方面是在评估药物对复杂行为(如冲动选择)的影响时强调多种方法学因素的重要性,并质疑在哪些条件下检查这些药物的折扣最合适的测试条件。在同等剂量的 ATX 对 rGT 或延迟折扣中的选择行为没有可靠的影响,表明该药物对冲动选择和风险决策的无效影响。AMP 的影响更为复杂,在 rGT 中偏向低风险 (P1) 选择的偏好发生了微妙的转变,并且对折扣的影响与强化物值无关,而是取决于延迟序列和基线选择偏好。这些结果的一个方面是在评估药物对复杂行为(如冲动选择)的影响时强调多种方法学因素的重要性,并质疑在哪些条件下检查这些药物的折扣最合适的测试条件。

更新日期:2021-06-30
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