Bee pollen contains proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and mineral nutrients that make it useful as a good nutritional supplement in the human diet. It has the richest elemental composition among bee products which is not uniform and consequently varies greatly depending on botanical and geographical origin. In polyfloral and selected monofloral bee pollen samples: sweet chestnut, maple, dandelion, rapeseed, flowering ash, buckwheat, common ivy, and plantain, the concentrations of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr were determined. A non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used for elemental fingerprinting. The most abundant elements in Slovenian bee pollen are K, P, S, Ca, and Cl followed by Fe, Mn, Zn, Rb, Br, and Sr. Several statistically significant differences in the content of analysed elements were found between studied groups according to the botanical and geographical origin which can be related to soil and plant elemental composition and plant metabolism. The obtained data extend our previous chemical profiling of Slovenian bee pollen and contribute to a more precise evaluation of some essential mineral nutrients in bee pollen to cover recommended dietary allowances in human nutrition. Additionally, this work contributes to a better understanding of mineral nutrient requirements in honey bee nutrition and of the environmental and agricultural impact of this product.

中文翻译：

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使用 EDXRF 元素指纹识别斯洛文尼亚蜂花粉的植物和地理来源

蜂花粉含有蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物、脂肪、脂肪酸、维生素、多酚和矿物质营养素，使其成为人类饮食中良好的营养补充剂。它在蜂产品中具有最丰富的元素组成，并且不均匀，因此根据植物和地理来源的不同而有很大差异。在多花和精选单花蜂花粉样品中：甜栗子、枫树、蒲公英、油菜籽、花灰、荞麦、常春藤和车前草，P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Br、测定 Rb 和 Sr。非破坏性能量色散 X 射线荧光光谱法用于元素指纹图谱。斯洛文尼亚蜂花粉中含量最多的元素是 K、P、S、Ca 和 Cl，其次是 Fe、Mn、Zn、Rb、Br 和 Sr。根据植物和地理来源，研究组之间的分析元素含量存在一些统计学上的显着差异，这可能与土壤和植物元素组成和植物代谢有关。获得的数据扩展了我们之前对斯洛文尼亚蜂花粉的化学分析，并有助于更精确地评​​估蜂花粉中的一些必需矿物质营养素，以涵盖人类营养中推荐的膳食摄入量。此外，这项工作有助于更好地了解蜜蜂营养中的矿物质营养需求以及该产品对环境和农业的影响。