Abstract—

A vegetation survey of three model sites has been conducted on the Emdy limestone plateau in the Mangyshlak middle desert subzone on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea (Western Kazakhstan). The main goal was to find indicator species in vegetation composition which reflect ancient anthropogenic influence from about 1500 years ago. The model sites are situated in comparable ecological conditions and differ only by the type and time of anthropogenic influence. One is located in the area of an ancient settlement from the 3rd to 5th centuries, the second is in an area that may have been used for agriculture, and the third is a control without hardly any anthropogenic influence. It is found that four main synusia can be determined in the plant community structure. The most diverse synusia of the desert ephemeras contains 61% of the plant species pool and may be considered an indicator of former anthropogenic activity. There were no specific plants connected with past agriculture on the second site. Considering this fact, together with general ecological conditions of the site, it was concluded that there had been no agriculture on this site. It is shown that different ephemeral species react to microhabitat characteristics such as humidity, insolation, salinization, and soil bioturbations. All ephemeral species can be divided into true and induced ephemera. The latter group consists of widespread ruderal annual mesophytes (Buglossoides arvensis and Descurainia sophia). These species appear in places of long and intense anthropogenic pressure and are able to persist in plant communities at least up to 1500 years after the end of anthropogenic pressure.

中文翻译：

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沙漠短暂的 Synusia 作为考古遗址的指标

摘要-

已经在里海东岸（哈萨克斯坦西部）的 Mangyshlak 中部沙漠亚区的 Emdy 石灰岩高原上对三个模型地点进行了植被调查。主要目标是在植被组成中找到反映大约 1500 年前古代人为影响的指示物种。模型站点位于可比较的生态条件下，仅在人为影响的类型和时间上有所不同。一个位于 3 世纪至 5 世纪的古代聚居区，第二个位于可能曾用于农业的区域，第三个是几乎没有任何人为影响的控制区。发现在植物群落结构中可以确定四种主要的synusia。沙漠蜉蝣中最多样化的 Synusia 包含 61% 的植物物种库，可被视为以前人为活动的指标。第二个地点没有与过去农业相关的特定植物。考虑到这一事实，再加上该地点的一般生态条件，可以得出结论，该地点没有农业。结果表明，不同的短暂物种会对微生境特征（如湿度、日照、盐渍化和土壤生物扰动）做出反应。所有的短暂物种都可以分为真正的和诱导的短暂物种。后一组由广泛分布的一年生中生植物组成（结合该地点的一般生态条件，得出的结论是该地点没有农业。结果表明，不同的短暂物种会对微生境特征（如湿度、日照、盐渍化和土壤生物扰动）做出反应。所有的短暂物种都可以分为真正的和诱导的短暂物种。后一组由广泛分布的一年生中生植物组成（结合该地点的一般生态条件，得出的结论是该地点没有农业。结果表明，不同的短暂物种会对微生境特征（如湿度、日照、盐渍化和土壤生物扰动）做出反应。所有的短暂物种都可以分为真实的和诱导的短暂。后一组由广泛分布的一年生中生植物组成（Buglossoides arvensis和Descurainia sophia )。这些物种出现在长期而强烈的人为压力的地方，并且能够在人为压力结束后至少长达 1500 年在植物群落中存在。