Abstract

An assessment of the degree of contrast in the physicochemical properties of pyrogenic peat soils and fire-induced carbon losses 20 years after a major fire that partially destroyed a swamp spruce forest (Picea obovata Ledeb.) located within a complex of small river valleys in Kuznetsk Alatau, Republic of Khakassia, is made. The area affected by the fire is currently occupied by a shrub–sedge–green moss–hypnum birch forest (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) belonging to the group of short-term–secondary postfire grass forests. The pyrogenic peat soils (i.e., mechanical and chemical underburning) that formed as a result of passive smoldering (i.e., thermal impact below the ignition point) feature a high variability of physicochemical parameters (Cv = 26–37%). The application of multivariate statistical analysis techniques (cluster, discriminant, and canonical analysis) has made it possible to distinguish and statistically substantiate four clusters that correlate with the series of pyrogenic peat soils. Organic carbon makes the greatest (83%) input into the total contribution of chemical parameters to the differentiation of clusters, while the input of the volumetric water content is significantly less (15%). Based on the diversity and abundance of fire traces in the profile of pyrogenic peat soils, the distinguished clusters have been conditionally associated with slight, moderate, medium, and strong thermal impacts. Proportionally to the fire impact intensity, the soil clusters are enriched with ash components by 1.6–2.7 times (the ash content varies from 18.9 to 77%) and compacted by 2.2–4.3 times (the bulk weight reaches 0.147–0.421 g/cm³), while their pH value gradually changes from 6.8 to 7.6. A new approach to assessing carbon losses that occur in the course of passive peat smoldering is proposed. The new approach is based on the difference in the carbon content before and after the fire; it supplements the traditional method based on the peat-deposit incineration depth. The additional carbon losses in the 0- to 20-cm layer of pyrogenic peat soils vary in the range from 1.6 to 4.0 kg/m², which is equivalent to 5.9–14.8 kg/m² in CO₂ emissions. The data on additional carbon losses at the stage of passive peat deposit smoldering are presented for the first time.

中文翻译：

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森林-泥炭火灾对土壤的影响及其对中西伯利亚南部山区沼泽植物微海拔的碳损失的影响

摘要

对位于库兹涅茨克小河谷综合体中的沼泽云杉林 ( Picea obovata Ledeb.)部分毁坏的大火发生 20 年后，对热解泥炭土的物理化学特性和火灾引起的碳损失的对比程度进行评估制造哈卡斯共和国阿拉套。受火灾影响的地区目前被灌木-莎草-青苔-催眠桦林（Betula pubescens Ehrh.）所占据，属于短期-次生火后草林组。由于被动阴燃（即低于燃点的热影响）而形成的热解泥炭土（即机械和化学燃烧不足）具有物理化学参数的高度可变性（Cv= 26–37%）。多元统计分析技术（聚类、判别和规范分析）的应用使得区分和统计证实与热解泥炭土系列相关的四个聚类成为可能。有机碳在化学参数对簇分化的总贡献中的投入最大（83%），而体积含水量的投入则明显较少（15%）。基于热解泥炭土壤剖面中火迹的多样性和丰富性，这些不同的簇与轻微、中等、中等和强烈的热影响有条件地相关。与火灾影响强度成比例，土壤簇富含灰分成分 1.6-2.7 倍（灰分含量从 18.9 到 77% 不等）并压实 2。³ )，而它们的 pH 值从 6.8 逐渐变为 7.6。提出了一种评估被动泥炭阴燃过程中发生的碳损失的新方法。新方法是基于火灾前后碳含量的差异；它补充了基于泥炭沉积物焚烧深度的传统方法。0 到 20 厘米的热解泥炭土层中的额外碳损失在 1.6 到 4.0 kg/m ²的范围内变化，这相当于CO ₂排放中的5.9–14.8 kg/m ²。首次提供了被动泥炭沉积阴燃阶段额外碳损失的数据。