After bereavement, a significant minority experiences severe, persistent, and disabling grief, termed prolonged grief or complicated grief. Prolonged grief treatments may be enhanced by improving understanding of malleable risk factors in post-loss psychological adaptation. Repetitive negative thought (e.g., rumination, worry) constitutes such a risk factor. Rumination and worry are both theorized to be maladaptive through interrelations with affect, yet this assumption has not been systematically investigated in the bereaved. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge with a baseline survey and 10-day daily diary investigation among a bereaved sample. Survey between-subject analyses (N = 113) demonstrated that trait rumination and worry, trait negative affect and prolonged grief symptoms are positively related to each other and negatively related with trait positive affect. Within-subject multilevel analyses of diaries (N = 62) demonstrated that trait rumination and trait worry relate positively to daily negative affect and negatively to daily positive affect. Daily rumination and worry showed similar relationships with daily negative and positive affect. A stronger relationship emerged between daily rumination and daily negative affect in people with higher prolonged grief symptom levels. Findings consistently support interrelations between repetitive negative thought, affect, and prolonged grief symptoms. Rumination appears particularly detrimental in people with severe grief reactions. Results align with research demonstrating the effectiveness of targeting repetitive negative thought in prolonged grief treatments. Additionally, our study demonstrates the potential feasibility and usefulness of using daily diaries to study behaviours of relevance to post-loss adaptation in everyday life.

中文翻译：

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长期悲伤中的沉思、担忧和消极和积极影响：每日日记研究

在失去亲人之后，相当一部分人会经历严重的、持续的、使人丧失能力的悲痛，称为长期悲痛或复杂悲痛。通过提高对失去后心理适应中可塑性风险因素的理解，可以增强长期的悲伤治疗。重复的消极想法（例如，沉思、担忧）构成了这样的风险因素。通过与情感的相互关系，沉思和担忧都被理论上认为是适应不良的，但这种假设尚未在失去亲人的人中得到系统的研究。我们旨在通过基线调查和对失去亲人的样本进​​行为期 10 天的每日日记调查来填补这一知识空白。调查对象间分析（N = 113) 表明特质反刍和担忧、特质消极情绪和长期悲伤症状彼此呈正相关，与特质积极情绪呈负相关。日记的受试者内多层次分析（N = 62）证明特质反刍和特质忧虑与日常负面情绪呈正相关，与日常正面情绪呈负相关。每日沉思和忧虑与每日消极和积极影响表现出相似的关系。在长期悲伤症状水平较高的人中，日常沉思和日常负面影响之间出现了更强的关系。研究结果始终支持重复的消极思想、情感和长期悲伤症状之间的相互关系。沉思对有严重悲伤反应的人尤其有害。结果与证明在长期悲伤治疗中针对重复性消极思想的有效性的研究一致。此外，