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A record of Tetraroge nigra (Tetrarogidae) from Iriomote Island, southern Japan, with notes on its ecological aspects
Ichthyological Research ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s10228-020-00763-5
Mao Sato , Hirozumi Kobayashi , Midori Iida , Kotaro Shirai , Kunio Sasaki

Occurring in the Indo-Pacific and comprising ca. 40 species, the waspfish family Tetrarogidae (Percomorpha: Scorpaenoidei) is characterized by a brown, laterally compressed body with a wide dorsal fin, its appearance being similar to a dead leaf (Poss 1986; Varghese 2013; Fricke et al. 2020a). Most tetrarogids inhabit a marine environment (Poss 1986, 1999; Allen and Erdmann 2012), whereas species of Tetraroge [including Tetraroge nigra (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829) and Tetraroge barbata (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829): Poss 1999; Fricke et al. 2020b] have been recorded exclusively from rivers (brackish and freshwater areas) (Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829; Herre 1951; de Beaufort and Briggs 1962; Munro 1982; Yoshino and Senou 1983; Tjakrawidjaja 2002; Devi and Rao 2003; Boseto 2006; Mohapatra et al. 2007; Bucol and Carumbana 2010; Tweedley et al. 2013; Bataragoa et al. 2014; Guzman and Capaque 2014; Huang et al. 2015; Mohanty et al. 2015; Senou 2015; Inoue et al. 2016). In fact, Herre (1951) recorded T. nigra from a mountain stream in the Philippines, 42 km from the sea. Considering their wide distribution [T. nigra: India, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Fiji and southern Ryukyu Archipelago; T. barbata: India, Indonesia, Philippines, New Caledonia and southern Ryukyu Archipelago (Yoshino and Senou 1983; Myers 1999; Poss 1999)], both Tetraroge species likely disperse to the sea during their pelagic larval period (as seen in many marine fishes, including the marine tetrarogid Hypodytes rubripinnis: Suzuki et al. 1981), and are thus considered to have a diadromous life cycle (Jenkins et al. 2010; Senou 2015). Characterized by migration between marine and freshwater within a life history (Myers 1949), the diadromy in fishes includes three distinct migratory patterns (anadromy, catadromy and amphidromy), further subdividing into more than 10 sub-patterns if accidental movements into rivers are included (Potter et al. 2015). However, life history traits for the two Tetraroge species are essentially unknown (except for their having been collected from rivers), since no otolith microchemistry analyses have been done to confirm their migratory ecology. Jenkins et al. (2010) and Senou (2015) both inferred that T. nigra was amphidromous, without any supporting factual evidence. Records of T. nigra from Japan comprise a single specimen collected (Yoshino and Senou 1983) and four underwater observations (Senou 2001; Inoue et al. 2016) in rivers on Iriomote Island, the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan, which [together with Taiwan (two specimens: Huang et al. 2015)] represents the northernmost distribution of the species. In Japan, given the limited river habitats and likely small population sizes, together with the environmental deterioration of the habitats, T. nigra is listed as Critically Endangered (IA) in the Red Data Book, edited by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (Senou 2015). In October 2018, a single individual T. nigra was collected from a brackish area of the Yutsun River, Iriomote Island, and inferred to be a mature female (based on the large body size and swollen abdomen). In this paper, the second specimen of T. nigra collected from Japan is reported, with notes on its putative age and maturity. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios, generally reflecting ambient water salinities in which the fish had experienced (Campana 1999; Walther and Limburg 2012), were investigated here to throw light on the migratory * Mao Sato maosato.jour@gmail.com
更新日期:2020-08-10
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