In 1979, General Zia ul-Haq promulgated the Hudood Ordinances to provide Islamic punishments for several offenses, but the prosecution for extra-marital sex (zinā) has been disproportionately higher. Based on the analysis of reported judgments, I argue that the higher rate of prosecutions for zinā was a direct result of new laws. Despite carrying the name “Hudood”, these Ordinances specified several taʿzīr offenses with the objective of ensuring prosecutions. By incorporating ḥadd and taʿzīr offenses for zinā, the Zina Ordinance blurred the distinction between consensual sex and rape, and thus exposed victim women, who reported rape, to prosecution for consensual sex. The Qazf Ordinance, which might have curbed the filing of false accusations of zinā, encouraged them by providing the complainants the defense of good faith. The number of zinā cases has decreased after the reform of the Zina Ordinance and the Qazf Ordinance under the Protection of Women Act, 2006.

1979 年，Zia ul-Haq 将军颁布了 Hudood 法令，对几项罪行提供伊斯兰惩罚，但对婚外性行为 ( zinā ) 的起诉却高得不成比例。根据对报告判决的分析，我认为对zinā的较高起诉率是新法律的直接结果。尽管带有“Hudood”的名称，但这些法令规定了几项taʿzīr罪行，目的是确保起诉。通过为zinā结合ḥadd和taʿzīr罪行, Zina 条例模糊了自愿性行为和强奸之间的区别，从而使报告强奸的受害者妇女因自愿性行为而受到起诉。Qazf 法令可能会限制对zinā的虚假指控，但通过为投诉人提供善意辩护来鼓励他们。根据2006 年《保护妇女法》对 Zina 法令和 Qazf 法令进行改革后， zinā案件的数量有所减少。