Synergistically increasing the solar adsorption/conversion, regulating the water transfer and activation as well as resisting the fouling to enhance the solar-powered interfacial water evaporation performance remains an urgent challenge. Herein, a smart 3D porous photothermal composite hydrogel MoS₂@GH, where the antibacterial porous molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanoflowers were intercalated between graphene (MoS₂@GH) via a simple chemical reduction, was prepared. This cooperated with a controllable self-pumping system of salt concentration differences and liquid level height differences-driven capillary water transfer/transpiration (CHTS) for solar steam generator. In this generator, the hierarchically porous hydrogel not only contributed the light trapping to enhance solar absorption but also generated more dispersed hotspots to access and activate water. Simultaneously, the CHTS system regulated an appropriate water replenishment without direct immersion into bulk water to match the evaporation of hydrogel. As a result, this system can achieve a super-efficient water evaporation rate of 3.2 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under 0.9 sun, and can also delay the salting out fouling and resist the bacterial biofouling. These together with the good thermal and chemical stability of the pure inorganic hydrogel entrust an efficient water desalination, paving a robust way for sustainable clean water production.

协同增加太阳能吸附/转化，调节水的转移和活化以及抗污染以提高太阳能界面水蒸发性能仍然是一个紧迫的挑战。在此，智能 3D 多孔光热复合水凝胶 MoS ₂ @GH，其中抗菌多孔二硫化钼 (MoS ₂ ) 纳米花插入石墨烯 (MoS ₂@GH) 通过简单的化学还原制备。这与用于太阳能蒸汽发生器的盐浓度差和液位高度差驱动的毛细管水传输/蒸腾（CHTS）的可控自抽系统配合。在该发生器中，分层多孔水凝胶不仅有助于光捕获以增强太阳能吸收，而且还产生更分散的热点以获取和激活水。同时，CHTS 系统在不直接浸入大量水中的情况下调节适当的水补充以匹配水凝胶的蒸发。因此，该系统可以实现3.2 kg m ^-2  h ^-1的超高效水蒸发率0.9日照下，还可以延缓盐析污垢，抵抗细菌生物污垢。这些加上纯无机水凝胶良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性，可以实现高效的海水淡化，为可持续的清洁水生产铺平了道路。