We examined how subjective assessments of recollection guide decision making. Subjective recollection was dissociated from accuracy during a forced-choice recognition task. Distracters were either similar to targets (match condition) or to other studied, but untested items (nonmatch condition). We assessed 223 participants (112 males) across three experiments (137 White, 37 Asian-American, 7 African-American, 4 American-Indian, 32 mixed race, 6 undisclosed). In Experiment 1, 6- to 10-year-olds and adults (N = 119) were less accurate (d = 0.70), but more likely to claim subjective recollection and make memory selections in anticipation of a reward in the nonmatch condition (ds = 0.64–0.70). This pattern was eliminated in 6- to 7-year-olds when we limited the number of selections (Experiment 2, N = 52), but was replicated when we required the selections to be counted (Experiment 3, N = 52), underscoring the effects of decision complexity on children’s self-reflections.

中文翻译：

---

主观回忆的发展差异及其在决策中的作用

我们研究了回忆的主观评估如何指导决策。在强制选择识别任务中，主观回忆与准确性分离。干扰项要么与目标（匹配条件）相似，要么与其他研究但未经测试的项目（不匹配条件）相似。我们在三个实验中评估了 223 名参与者（112 名男性）（137 名白人、37 名亚裔美国人、7 名非裔美国人、4 名美裔印度人、32 名混血儿、6 名未公开）。在实验 1 中，6 至 10 岁的儿童和成人 ( N  = 119) 的准确度较低 ( d  = 0.70)，但更有可能声称主观回忆并做出记忆选择以期待在不匹配条件下的奖励 ( ds = 0.64–0.70)。当我们限制选择的数量（实验 2， N = 52）时，这种模式在 6 至 7 岁的儿童中被消除， 但当我们要求对选择进行计数时（实验 3，N  = 52），这种模式被复制，强调决策复杂性对儿童自我反思的影响。