Human trials that compare intermittent fasting (IF) to calorie restriction (CR) with psychological, behavioral and cognition outcomes are limited. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between CR and IF on perceived eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, quality of life (QOL) and cognition in women with overweight and obesity. In this prespecified secondary analysis of an open-label, single center, parallel assignment, randomized controlled trial, healthy women with overweight or obesity (N = 46, mean [SD] age 50 [9] years, BMI 32.9 [4.4] kg/m²), without a diagnosed eating disorder and who were randomized into 2 weight loss groups (prescribed 70% of calculated energy requirements as IF or CR) were included. Measurements were assessed in both IF and CR groups following a 12-hour overnight fast during baseline and week 8 and additionally following a 24-hour fast in the IF group only at week 8. We observed that IF produced greater weight and body fat loss than CR (P < .001). We did not detect any statistical difference between groups for the change in dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger, mood, sleep quality, and QOL. An increase in cognitive performance was found in both IF (P = .036) and CR (P = .006) groups in one of the cognitive tasks, but there was no statistical difference between groups. Perceived eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality and cognitive performance were not changed by an acute 24-hour fast within the IF group (all P > .05). IF may be a viable alternative to CR for weight loss, in the short-term, without adversely impacting eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, QOL or cognition in healthy women with overweight or obesity. However, larger and long term trials are required.

将间歇性禁食 (IF) 与卡路里限制 (CR) 与心理、行为和认知结果进行比较的人体试验是有限的。我们假设 CR 和 IF 在感知的饮食行为、情绪、睡眠质量、生活质量 (QOL) 和超重和肥胖女性的认知方面没有差异。在这项针对开放标签、单中心、平行分配、随机对照试验的预设二级分析中，超重或肥胖的健康女性（N  = 46，平均 [SD] 年龄 50 [9] 岁，BMI 32.9 [4.4] kg/米²)，没有被诊断出饮食失调，并且随机分为 2 个减肥组（规定 70% 的计算能量需求为 IF 或 CR）。在基线和第 8 周禁食 12 小时过夜后，以及仅在第 8 周 IF 组禁食 24 小时后，对 IF 和 CR 组的测量值进行了评估。我们观察到 IF 产生的体重和身体脂肪减少比CR ( P < .001)。我们没有检测到组间在饮食限制、去抑制、饥饿、情绪、睡眠质量和 QOL 方面的任何统计差异。在 IF ( P = .036) 和 CR ( P =.006) 组在其中一项认知任务中，但组间没有统计学差异。在 IF 组中，急性 24 小时禁食不会改变感知的饮食行为、情绪、睡眠质量和认知能力（所有P > .05）。在短期内，IF 可能是 CR 减肥的可行替代方案，而且不会对超重或肥胖的健康女性的饮食行为、情绪、睡眠质量、QOL 或认知产生不利影响。然而，需要更大规模和长期的试验。