As our life expectancy increases, specific medical conditions appear, and new challenges are met in terms of global health. Frailty has become a medical and scientific concept to define pathologies where inflammation, depressed immune system, cellular senescence, and molecular aging converge. But more importantly, frailty is the ultimate cause of death that limits our life span and deteriorates health in an increasing proportion of the world population. The difficulty of tackling this problem is the combination of factors that influence frailty appearance, such as stem cells exhaustion, inflammation, loss of regeneration capability, and impaired immunomodulation. To date, multiple research fields have found mechanisms participating in this health condition, but to make progress, science will need to investigate frailty with an interdisciplinary approach. This article summarizes the current efforts to understand frailty from their processes mediated by inflammation, aging, and stem cells to provide a new perspective that unifies the efforts in producing advanced therapies against medical conditions in the context of frailty. We believe this approach against frailty is particularly relevant to COVID-19, since people in a state of frailty die more frequently due to the hyperinflammatory process associated with this infection.

中文翻译：

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炎症，虚弱和 COVID-19 的常见机制，以及作为治疗方法的干细胞

随着我们的预期寿命增加，特定的医疗条件出现，全球健康面临新的挑战。虚弱已成为定义炎症、免疫系统抑制、细胞衰老和分子衰老汇聚的病理的医学和科学概念。但更重要的是，虚弱是导致死亡的最终原因，它限制了我们的寿命，并使越来越多的世界人口的健康状况恶化。解决这个问题的困难在于影响虚弱外观的因素的组合，例如干细胞耗竭、炎症、再生能力丧失和免疫调节受损。迄今为止，多个研究领域已经发现参与这种健康状况的机制，但要取得进展，科学需要用跨学科的方法来调查脆弱性。本文总结了当前从炎症、衰老和干细胞介导的过程中了解虚弱的努力，以提供一个新的视角，统一在虚弱背景下针对医疗条件开发先进疗法的努力。我们认为这种对抗虚弱的方法与 COVID-19 尤其相关，因为虚弱状态的人由于与这种感染相关的过度炎症过程而更频繁地死亡。