Inferring individuals' social rank—their position within a hierarchy—is central to many interactions. However, how do observers assess actors' social rank? The current article reviews three broad sources of social-rank cues: physical characteristics, behaviors, and possessions. First, observers infer an actor's social rank from ancestral stereotypes tethered to physical characteristics. Second, observers ascribe social rank to an actor from behaviors that range from nonverbal communication to explicit acts.Finally, observers assume social rank from actors' possessions. The present review emphasizes recent developments in these areas and poses question for future research.

推断个人的社会等级——他们在等级制度中的位置——是许多互动的核心。然而，观察者如何评估演员的社会地位？当前的文章回顾了社会等级线索的三个广泛来源：身体特征、行为和财产。首先，观察者从与身体特征相关的祖传刻板印象推断演员的社会等级。其次，观察者根据从非语言交流到明确行为的行为赋予行为者社会等级。最后，观察者从行为者的财产中假设社会等级。本综述强调了这些领域的最新发展，并对未来的研究提出了问题。