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Quality Control of Protein Supplements: A Review
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-19 , DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0287
Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa 1 , Rafaela Rocha Roiffé 2 , Márcia Nogueira da Silva de la Cruz 3
Affiliation  

The growing consumer awareness regarding health and fitness has been leading to a huge rise in the consumption of nutritional supplements and, consequently, to an increase in concerns about their quality. In this sense, one of the most consumed products is protein supplements and, despite being safer than other types of supplements, there are several studies showing incompatibilities between what is present on the labels and their actual content. Therefore, this review is focused on gathering information about the problems arising from poor manufacturing practices and inadequate quality control of sport protein supplements. These issues are mainly related to three aspects: reduction of the supplements’ nutritional value, the presence of pharmacological substances, and contamination with microorganisms or toxic metals. Regarding the first aspect, reports about the “classic” addition of nitrogen-rich compounds to mask the protein content measured by the Kjeldahl method were discussed, as well as recent topics such as the addition of cheaper proteins to produce an “undetectable” adulteration in whey protein supplements. With respect to the presence of pharmacological compounds, it is a finding that is not very common in protein supplements; however, even trace amounts of foreign substances in this type of product may cause adverse effects to consumers, and, in the case of an elite athlete, may result in doping. Finally, we discuss about the contamination with microorganisms and toxic metals, this latter being a subject that should be further explored due to few studies in the literature.



中文翻译:

蛋白质补充剂的质量控制:综述

消费者对健康和健身的认识不断提高,导致营养补充剂的消费量大幅增加,从而导致对其质量的担忧增加。从这个意义上说,蛋白质补充剂是消费量最大的产品之一,尽管比其他类型的补充剂更安全,但有几项研究表明标签上的内容与其实际含量不兼容。因此,本次审查的重点是收集有关由于运动蛋白质补充剂的不良生产实践和质量控制不足而引起的问题的信息。这些问题主要与三个方面有关:补充剂的营养价值降低、药理物质的存在以及微生物或有毒金属的污染。关于第一方面,讨论了“经典”添加富氮化合物以掩盖通过凯氏定氮法测量的蛋白质含量的报告,以及最近的主题,例如添加更便宜的蛋白质以在乳清蛋白补充剂中产生“无法检测”的掺假。关于药理化合物的存在,这一发现在蛋白质补充剂中并不常见;然而,即使是此类产品中的微量外来物质也可能对消费者造成不利影响,并且对于精英运动员而言,可能会导致兴奋剂。最后,我们讨论了微生物和有毒金属的污染,由于文献中的研究很少,后者是一个应该进一步探索的主题。

更新日期:2021-06-24
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