At present, there is a common effort to reduce the environmental effect of energy consumption. With this objective, the transportation sector seeks to improve emissions in all its modes. In particular, the rail transport industry is analysing various alternatives for non-electrified lines. These services are mainly carried out with diesel units. As an alternative to diesel fuel, in the present study the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in railway traction was analysed. A predictive model was developed and implemented in order to estimate the emissions impact of this fuel on different rail routes or networks. The model was fitted with real data obtained from pilot tests. In these tests, a train with two engines, one diesel and the other LNG, was used. The methodology was applied to evaluate the impact on consumption and emissions of the two fuels on a narrow-gauge commuter line. An improvement was observed in some indicators, while in others there was no clear progress. The conclusions that can be drawn are that CO₂ (greenhouse gas) operating emissions are lower in the LNG engine than in the diesel line; CO emissions are lower in the diesel engine and emissions of other pollutants (nitrogen oxide and particles) are higher in the diesel engine by several orders of magnitude.

中文翻译：

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人工智能应用于评估通勤铁路的排放和能源消耗：液化天然气作为柴油替代燃料的比较

目前，人们普遍致力于减少能源消耗对环境的影响。为实现这一目标，运输部门寻求改善其所有模式的排放。特别是，铁路运输行业正在分析非电气化线路的各种替代方案。这些服务主要通过柴油机组进行。作为柴油燃料的替代品，在本研究中，对液化天然气 (LNG) 在铁路牵引中的使用进行了分析。开发并实施了一个预测模型，以估计这种燃料对不同铁路路线或网络的排放影响。该模型拟合了从试点测试中获得的真实数据。在这些测试中，使用了带有两个发动机的火车，一个是柴油，另一个是 LNG。该方法用于评估两种燃料在窄轨通勤线路上对消耗和排放的影响。观察到一些指标有所改善，而其他指标则没有明显进展。可以得出的结论是，CO₂（温室气体）运行排放在 LNG 发动机中低于柴油机；柴油发动机中的 CO 排放量较低，而柴油发动机中其他污染物（氮氧化物和颗粒物）的排放量则高出几个数量级。