This paper evaluated the overall capability of a hurricane in posing the electromagnetic impact on the high-altitude atmosphere. Oceanic thunderstorms are more efficient in producing negative polarity cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes with large impulse charge moment changes (iCMCs) than continental thunderstorms. As the strongest oceanic thunderstorms, hurricanes’ capability to produce transient luminous events is desired to be examined. Here, we investigated the halo/sprite production of hurricane Matthew (2016) by examining the iCMCs of lightning detected by the World-Wide Lightning Location Network hour by hour at nighttime, based on the ultra-low frequency (ULF) magnetic field of the lightning strokes. Matthew was likely an active halo/sprite producer and produced more than 1,000 halo/sprite producible strokes (H/S strokes) with iCMCs exceeding the threshold (200 C km) for producing halo/sprite. The peak of H/S strokes in the outer rainband lags about one day behind the maximum hurricane strength. Additionally, the absence of positive sprite-producible strokes in the inner core (0–100 km) of Matthew may be attributed to the spiral warm cloud feature, although many negative halos could be produced instead because 112 halo/sprite producible strokes were identified here with 89% being negative. In contrast, the outer rainband exhibits some features of the trailing stratiform region of continental mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and has been a favorable region of halo/sprite production. Overall, the inner core of Matthew and probably also that of other hurricanes bear the features that make the oceanic thunderstorms a proficient producer of negative halos but not sprites.

中文翻译：

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检查飓风马修（2016 年）在其生命周期内产生光环/精灵可产生闪电的能力

本文评估了飓风对高空大气造成电磁影响的整体能力。与大陆雷暴相比，海洋雷暴在产生具有大脉冲电荷矩变化 (iCMC) 的负极性云对地 (CG) 冲击方面更有效。作为最强的海洋雷暴，飓风产生瞬态发光事件的能力有待研究。在这里，我们通过检查全球闪电定位网络在夜间每小时检测到的闪电 iCMC，基于飓风马修 (2016) 的超低频 (ULF) 磁场，研究了飓风马修 (2016) 的光环/精灵产生。雷击。马修很可能是一位活跃的光环/精灵制作人，制作了超过 1 个，000 个光环/精灵可生成笔画（H/S 笔画），其中 iCMC 超过了生成光环/精灵的阈值（200 C km）。外雨带中的 H/S 中风峰值比最大飓风强度滞后约 1 天。此外，马修的内核（0-100 公里）中没有正的精灵可产生冲程可能归因于螺旋暖云特征，尽管可以产生许多负晕，因为这里确定了 112 个晕/精灵可产生的冲程89% 为阴性。相比之下，外雨带表现出大陆中尺度对流系统（MCS）的尾随层状区域的一些特征，并且一直是晕/精灵产生的有利区域。全面的，