The ambitious global targets on decarbonization present the need for massive integration of renewable generation in power systems, resulting in a significant decrease in the system inertia. In addition to the reduction in system inertia, the transmission system in Great Britain (GB) faces some unique challenges owing to its relatively small capacity, while being decoupled from other transmission systems and with the renewable resources largely non-uniformly distributed across the system. This paper presents opinions and insights on the challenges associated with frequency control in a low-inertia system and the potential solutions from a GB perspective. In this paper, we focus on three main techniques that act over different time scales: synchronous condensers, inertia emulation, and fast frequency response. We evaluate their relative advantages and limitations with learnings from recent research and development projects in GB, along with the opinions on their roles in addressing the frequency control challenges in future low-inertia systems.

雄心勃勃的全球脱碳目标要求在电力系统中大规模整合可再生能源发电，从而显着降低系统惯性。除了降低系统惯性外，英国输电系统容量相对较小，同时与其他输电系统脱钩，且可再生资源在整个系统中分布不均匀，因此面临一些独特的挑战。本文从 GB 的角度介绍了与低惯量系统中频率控制相关的挑战以及潜在解决方案的意见和见解。在本文中，我们重点介绍了在不同时间尺度上起作用的三种主要技术：同步电容器、惯性仿真和快速频率响应。