ABSTRACT

This paper examines the concept of history of philosophy as established in Marburg Neo-Kantianism. It does so by discussing the methodological concepts and principles underlying the formation of the kind of Neo-Kantianism advocated by Hermann Cohen, as well as by looking into the roots of the term ‘problem' as employed in Neo-Kantian ‘problem history'. It turns out that, although Marburg Neo-Kantians valued historical scholarship highly, they were not primarily driven by historical interests; rather, they mainly engaged with past philosophies for philosophical reasons. I further argue that, to the extent they drew attention to scientific or cultural contexts, this should not be taken to imply commitment to some kind of historical contextualism. Their turn to contexts was, on the contrary, motivated by the idealist contention that developments in science and cultural history are shaped by philosophical concepts and tenets. I will conclude by showing how both Cohen and his major student Ernst Cassirer could understand philosophical reasoning as a genuinely historical, and yet irreducibly rational, practice.

摘要

本文考察了在马尔堡新康德主义中确立的哲学史概念。它通过讨论形成赫尔曼·科恩所倡导的那种新康德主义的方法论概念和原则，以及通过研究新康德“问题史”中使用的“问题”一词的根源来实现这一点。事实证明，虽然马尔堡新康德派对历史学的评价很高，但他们的主要驱动力并不是历史利益；相反，他们主要是出于哲学原因研究过去的哲学。我进一步认为，就他们提请注意科学或文化背景而言，这不应被视为暗示对某种历史背景主义的承诺。相反，他们转向上下文，受到唯心主义论点的推动，即科学和文化历史的发展是由哲学概念和信条塑造的。最后，我将展示科恩和他的主要学生恩斯特·卡西尔 (Ernst Cassirer) 如何将哲学推理理解为一种真正具有历史意义但又不可简化的理性实践。