Global air pollution and climate change are major threats to planetary health. These threats are strongly linked through the short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs); ozone (O₃), aerosols, and methane (CH₄). Understanding the impacts of ambitious SLCF mitigation in different source emission sectors on planetary health indicators can help prioritize international air pollution control strategies. A global Earth system model is applied to quantify the impacts of idealized 50% sustained reductions in year 2005 emissions in the eight largest global anthropogenic source sectors on the SLCFs and three indicators of planetary health: global mean surface air temperature change (∆GSAT), avoided PM_2.5-related premature mortalities and gross primary productivity (GPP). The model represents fully coupled atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, land ecosystems and climate, and includes dynamic CH₄. Avoided global warming is modest, with largest impacts from 50% cuts in domestic (−0.085 K), agriculture (−0.034 K), and waste/landfill (−0.033 K). The 50% cuts in energy, domestic, and agriculture sector emissions offer the largest opportunities to mitigate global PM_2.5-related health risk at around 5%–7% each. Such small global impacts underline the challenges ahead in achieving the World Health Organization aspirational goal of a 2/3 reduction in the number of deaths from air pollution by 2030. Uncertainty due to natural climate variability in PM_2.5 is an important underplayed dimension in global health risk assessment that can vastly exceed uncertainty due to the concentration-response functions at the large regional scale. Globally, cuts to agriculture and domestic sector emissions are the most attractive targets to achieve climate and health co-benefits through SLCF mitigation.

中文翻译：

---

通过短期气候强迫缓解措施降低行星健康风险

全球空气污染和气候变化是地球健康的主要威胁。这些威胁通过短期气候强迫因素 (SLCF) 密切相关；臭氧 (O ₃ )、气溶胶和甲烷 (CH ₄ )。了解不同源排放部门雄心勃勃的 SLCF 减排对地球健康指标的影响，有助于优先考虑国际空气污染控制战略。应用全球地球系统模型来量化 2005 年全球八个最大的人为来源部门的理想化持续减少 50% 的排放量对 SLCF 和行星健康的三个指标的影响：全球平均地表气温变化 (ΔGSAT)，避免 PM _2.5相关的过早死亡和总初级生产力 (GPP)。该模型代表完全耦合的大气化学、气溶胶、陆地生态系统和气候，并包括动态 CH ₄。避免的全球变暖是适度的，国内 (-0.085 K)、农业 (-0.034 K) 和废物/垃圾填埋场 (-0.033 K) 减少 50% 的影响最大。能源、家庭和农业部门的排放量减少 50%，为减轻全球 PM _2.5相关健康风险提供了最大的机会，分别为约 5%–7%。如此小的全球影响突显了在实现世界卫生组织到 2030 年将空气污染导致的死亡人数减少 2/3 的理想目标方面面临的挑战。 PM _{2.5 的}自然气候变化带来的不确定性是全球健康风险评估中一个重要的被低估的维度，由于大区域范围内的浓度反应函数，它可能大大超过不确定性。在全球范围内，减少农业和国内部门排放是通过减缓 SLCF 实现气候和健康协同效益的最有吸引力的目标。