Computer Physics Communications ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108077 Mike McNelis , Dennis Bazow , Ulrich Heinz
We present VAH, a (3+1)–dimensional simulation that evolves the far-from-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with anisotropic fluid dynamics. We solve the hydrodynamic equations on an Eulerian grid using the Kurganov–Tadmor algorithm in combination with a new adaptive Runge–Kutta method. Our numerical scheme allows us to start the simulation soon after the nuclear collision, largely avoiding the need to integrate it with a separate pre-equilibrium dynamics module. We test the code's performance by simulating on the Eulerian grid conformal and non-conformal Bjorken flow as well as conformal Gubser flow, whose (0+1)–dimensional solutions are precisely known. Finally, we compare non-conformal anisotropic hydrodynamics to second-order viscous hydrodynamics in central Pb+Pb collisions and find that the former's longitudinal flow profile responds more consistently to the fluid's gradients along the spacetime rapidity direction.
Program summary
Manuscript Title: Anisotropic fluid dynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Mike McNelis, Dennis Bazow, Ulrich Heinz
Program Title: VAH
Licensing provisions: GPLv3
Programming Language: C++
Computer: Laptop, desktop, cluster
Operating System: GNU/Linux distributions, Mac OS X
Global memory usage: 1.2 GB (for a grid)
Keywords: Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, quark-gluon plasma, relativistic hydrodynamics, computational fluid dynamics
Classification: 12 Gases and Fluids, 17 Nuclear physics
External routines/libraries: GNU Scientific Library (GSL)
Nature of problem: Modeling the far-from-equilibrium dynamics of quark-gluon plasma produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Solution method: Kurganov–Tadmor algorithm, adaptive stepsize method
Running time: A (3+1)–d non-conformal anisotropic fluid dynamical simulation of a central Pb+Pb collision on a grid takes about 530s for an Intel Xeon E5-2680 v4 multi-core processor with OpenMP acceleration (see Sec. 5.3).
中文翻译:
重离子碰撞的各向异性流体动力学模拟
我们提出了VAH ,这是一种 (3+1) 维模拟,它演化了在超相对论重离子碰撞中产生的远离平衡的夸克胶子等离子体与各向异性流体动力学。我们使用 Kurganov-Tadmor 算法结合新的自适应 Runge-Kutta 方法求解欧拉网格上的流体动力学方程。我们的数值方案允许我们在核碰撞后不久开始模拟,很大程度上避免了将其与单独的预平衡动力学模块集成的需要。我们通过在欧拉网格共形和非共形 Bjorken 流以及共形 Gubser 流上进行仿真来测试代码的性能,其 (0+1) 维解是精确已知的。最后,我们将非共形各向异性流体动力学与中心 Pb+Pb 碰撞中的二阶粘性流体动力学进行比较,发现前者的纵向流动剖面对沿时空快速方向的流体梯度的响应更为一致。
程序概要
手稿标题:重离子碰撞的各向异性流体动力学模拟
作者:迈克·麦克奈利斯、丹尼斯·巴佐、乌尔里希·海因茨
节目名称: VAH
许可条款: GPLv3
编程语言: C++
计算机:笔记本电脑、台式机、集群
操作系统: GNU/Linux 发行版,Mac OS X
全局内存使用量: 1.2 GB(对于一个 网格)
关键词:超相对论重离子碰撞, 夸克-胶子等离子体, 相对论流体动力学, 计算流体动力学
分类: 12 气体和流体,17 核物理
外部例程/库: GNU 科学库 (GSL)
问题的性质:模拟超相对论重离子碰撞中产生的夸克-胶子等离子体的远离平衡动力学。
解法: Kurganov-Tadmor算法,自适应步长法
运行时间: A (3+1)–d 中心 Pb+Pb 碰撞的非共形各向异性流体动力学模拟对于具有 OpenMP 加速功能的 Intel Xeon E5-2680 v4 多核处理器,grid 需要大约 530秒(参见第 5.3 节)。