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From wastewater to fertilizer products: Alternative paths to mitigate phosphorus demand in European countries
Chemosphere ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131258
Andreia F Santos 1 , Patrícia V Almeida 1 , Paula Alvarenga 2 , Licínio M Gando-Ferreira 1 , Margarida J Quina 1
Affiliation  

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource, irreplaceable for life and food production, and currently considered a Critical Raw Material to the European Union (EU). Due to concerns about the rate of consumption and limited reserves in countries with sensitive geopolitical contexts, it is urgent to recover P from urban and industrial flows. Indeed, the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are considered relevant sources with several hot spots, especially sewage sludge with estimated recovery efficiencies of >80%. The most promising recovery strategies are based on thermal treatments (e.g., incineration of sludge) following by wet-chemical or thermo-chemical leaching, precipitation, and adsorption. The direct application of sludge on soil is no longer a primary route for P reintegration in the value-chain for countries as Switzerland, Germany, and The Netherlands. In fact, Switzerland and Austria paved the way for implementing P recovery legislation, focusing on recovery from raw sewage sludge or ashes. Indeed, industrial technologies with sludge ash as input show high recovery efficiencies (Ashdec® and Leachphos® with 98 and 79%) and lower environmental impacts, whereas Pearl® technology has about 12% recovery efficiency with wastewater as input. After all, struvite emerges as the most recovered product with recent access to the internal market of EU fertilisers and similar growth performance compared to triple-super-phosphate. However, several studies leave open the possibility of introducing loaded adsorbents with P as soil amendments as a new alternative to conventional desorption. Briefly, P recovery should be a compromise between efficiency, environmental impacts, and economic revenues from the final products.



中文翻译:

从废水到肥料产品:缓解欧洲国家磷需求的替代途径

磷 (P) 是不可再生资源,对生命和粮食生产不可替代,目前被视为欧盟 (EU) 的关键原材料。由于对具有敏感地缘政治背景的国家的消费率和有限储量的担忧,迫切需要从城市和工业流动中回收磷。事实上,市政污水处理厂 (WWTP) 被认为是具有多个热点的相关来源,尤其是污水污泥,估计回收效率 >80%。最有希望的回收策略是基于热处理(例如,污泥焚烧),然后是湿化学或热化学浸出、沉淀和吸附。对于瑞士、德国、荷兰。事实上,瑞士和奥地利为实施 P 回收立法铺平了道路,重点是从未经处理的污水污泥或灰烬中回收。事实上,以污泥灰为输入的工业技术显示出高回收效率(Ashdec® 和 Leachphos® 分别为 98% 和 79%)和较低的环境影响,而 Pearl® 技术以废水为输入的回收效率约为 12%。毕竟,与三重过磷酸钙相比,鸟粪石是最近进入欧盟肥料内部市场且生长性能相似的回收率最高的产品。然而,几项研究留下了引入含磷吸附剂作为土壤改良剂作为传统解吸的新替代方案的可能性。简而言之,P 回收应该是效率、环境影响、

更新日期:2021-07-04
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