1. The field of biology has seen tremendous technological progress in recent years, fuelled by the exponential growth in processing power and high-level computing, and the rise of global information sharing. Low-cost single-board computers are predicted to be one of the key technological advancements to further revolutionise this field.
2. So far, an overview of current uptake of these devices and a general guide to help researchers integrate them in their work has been missing. In this paper I focus on the most widely used single-board computer, the Raspberry Pi, and review its broad applications and uses across the biological domain.
3. Since its release in 2012, the Raspberry Pi has been increasingly taken up by biologists, in the laboratory, the field and in the classroom, and across a wide range of disciplines. A hugely diverse range of applications exists that ranges from simple solutions to dedicated custom-build devices, including nest-box monitoring, wildlife camera trapping, high-throughput behavioural recording, large-scale plant phenotyping, underwater video surveillance, closed-loop operant learning experiments and autonomous ecosystem monitoring. Despite the breadth of its implementations, the depth of uptake of the Raspberry Pi by the scientific community is still limited.
4. The broad capabilities of the Raspberry Pi, combined with its low cost, ease of use and large user community make it a great research tool for almost any project. To help accelerate the uptake of the Raspberry Pi by the scientific community, I provide detailed guidelines, recommendations and considerations, and 30+ step-by-step guides on a dedicated accompanying website (http://raspberrypi-guide.github.io). I hope this paper will help generate more awareness about the Raspberry Pi among scientists and thereby both fuel the democratisation of science and ultimately help advance our understanding of biology, from the micro- to the macro-scale.

中文翻译：

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Raspberry Pi 的广泛应用：生物学家评论和指南

1. 近年来，在处理能力和高级计算的指数增长以及全球信息共享的兴起的推动下，生物学领域取得了巨大的技术进步。预计低成本单板计算机将成为进一步革新该领域的关键技术进步之一。
2. 到目前为止，缺少对这些设备当前使用情况的概述以及帮助研究人员将它们整合到他们的工作中的一般指南。在本文中，我将重点介绍使用最广泛的单板计算机 Raspberry Pi，并回顾其在生物领域的广泛应用和用途。
3. 自 2012 年发布以来，Raspberry Pi 越来越多地被生物学家、实验室、现场和课堂以及广泛的学科所采用。应用范围非常广泛，从简单的解决方案到专用的定制设备，包括巢箱监控、野生动物相机捕捉、高通量行为记录、大规模植物表型、水下视频监控、闭环操作学习实验和自主生态系统监测。尽管其实施范围很广，但科学界对 Raspberry Pi 的吸收深度仍然有限​​。
4. Raspberry Pi 的广泛功能，结合其低成本、易用性和庞大的用户社区，使其成为几乎所有项目的绝佳研究工具。为了帮助科学界加速采用 Raspberry Pi，我在专门的随附网站 (http://raspberrypi-guide.github.io) 上提供了详细的指南、建议和注意事项以及 30 多个分步指南. 我希望这篇论文将有助于提高科学家对 Raspberry Pi 的认识，从而推动科学的民主化，并最终帮助我们加深对生物学的理解，从微观到宏观。