Over the period 2002–2019, air temperature and precipitation significantly increased regionally for Bratislava, which could lead to phenological changes in some plant species. This study aimed to analyse the changes in the intensity, timing, and duration of pollen seasons of three allergological important plant taxa (Alnus, Poaceae, Artemisia) in the study area over 18 years. The pollen sampling was performed using a Hirst-type sampler. Mann–Kendall tau test was used to determine trends in pollen season characteristics, while Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to identify the relationships between the characteristics of pollen seasons and both air temperature and precipitation trends. The notable changes in the pollen-season-related features were observed for all analysed taxa. The Alnus pollen season now reaches the peak earlier and its intensity is rising in line with the summer-autumn temperature increasing trend, while unexpectedly intensity and duration of the Artemisia pollen season are declining in line with the increased precipitation and/or temperature trends. On the other hand, the intensity of the Poaceae pollen season is also declining, however, without statistically significant correlations with recorded increases in meteorological parameters considered. This phenomenon is probably related to both the reduction of the area of grasslands due to urbanization and the implementation of effective maintenance of urban green areas (e.g., timely mowing preventing the repeatedly flowering of grasses).

在 2002-2019 年期间，布拉迪斯拉发的区域气温和降水显着增加，这可能导致一些植物物种的物候变化。本研究旨在分析三种重要的过敏性植物类群（桤木、禾本科、蒿属）的花粉季节强度、时间和持续时间的变化。) 在研究区工作超过 18 年。花粉采样使用 Hirst 型采样器进行。Mann-Kendall tau检验用于确定花粉季节特征的趋势，而Spearman相关分析用于确定花粉季节特征与气温和降水趋势之间的关系。对于所有分析的分类群，观察到花粉季节相关特征的显着变化。该桤现在花粉季节较早达到峰值，其强度上升与夏秋季温度线增加的趋势，而出乎意料的强度和持续时间蒿花粉季节随着降水和/或温度趋势的增加而减少。另一方面，禾本科花粉季节的强度也在下降，然而，与所考虑的气象参数的记录增加没有统计学上的显着相关性。这种现象可能与城市化导致草地面积减少和城市绿地有效维护（如及时割草，防止草地反复开花）有关。