The formation and accumulation of ice can lead to severe economic loss or even loss of life. To prevent these losses, there has been rapid development in icephobic materials in recent years. To deal with various icing conditions and different types of components, it is highly desirable to develop a surface that possesses both passive anti-icing and active deicing functions. However, so far there is no suitable solution for anti-icing material with adequate durability, low cost, and simplicity in fabrication that can also be turned into active deicing when necessary. Here, we demonstrate a magnetically responsive and flexible superhydrophobic photothermal film (PFe-PCS) consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), iron powder (Fe), and candle soot (CS). The film displayed both passive anti-icing and active deicing performances by a simple approach without using fluorine-containing chemicals. The film consists of two superhydrophobic layers that can trap two air layers in the micro/nano structures. As a result, the freezing time is 4.7 times of that of bare substrate. Such designed surface structure not only displays a significant delay in water freezing time, but also minimizes heat loss by keeping the heat within the top surface during photothermal heating. The accumulated ice can be immediately melted in 237 s and the melted water can be rapidly rolled off. The PFe-PCS film can be applied to substrates with complex shapes including curved substrates via magnetic force. More importantly, the PFe-PCS film displayed excellent stability when exposed to strong acid, base, salt solutions and liquid nitrogen. The superhydrophobicity and anti-icing performances were well retained after 320 cycles sandpaper abrasion, 3 h water flow impact, and cyclic icing/deicing. This work originated the concept of double layered surface structure for both passive anti-icing and active de-icing. The film is robust and self-healing, making it potentially applicable for ice prevention and removal for various shaped components.

冰的形成和积累会导致严重的经济损失甚至生命损失。为了防止这些损失，近年来在防冰材料方面得到了快速发展。为了应对各种结冰条件和不同类型的组件，开发一种兼具被动防冰和主动除冰功能的表面是非常必要的。然而，迄今为止，还没有合适的防冰材料具有足够的耐用性、低成本和制造简单，并且在必要时也可以变成主动除冰。在这里，我们展示了由聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS)、铁粉 (Fe) 和蜡烛烟尘 (CS) 组成的磁响应和柔性超疏水光热膜 (PFe-PCS)。该薄膜通过简单的方法在不使用含氟化学品的情况下显示出被动防冰和主动除冰性能。该薄膜由两个超疏水层组成，可以在微/纳米结构中捕获两个空气层。结果，冻结时间是裸基板的4.7倍。这种设计的表面结构不仅显着延迟了水冻结时间，而且通过在光热加热过程中将热量保持在顶面内，最大限度地减少了热量损失。积冰可在 237 秒内立即融化，融化的水可迅速滚落。PFe-PCS 薄膜可以通过磁力应用于具有复杂形状的基板，包括弯曲的基板。更重要的是，PFe-PCS 薄膜在暴露于强酸、强碱、盐溶液和液氮。经过 320 次循环砂纸磨损、3 小时水流冲击和循环结冰/除冰后，超疏水性和抗结冰性能仍保持良好。这项工作提出了用于被动防冰和主动除冰的双层表面结构的概念。该薄膜坚固且具有自我修复能力，使其有可能适用于各种形状部件的防冰和除冰。