Objective

To assess anesthetic induction, recovery quality and cardiopulmonary variables after intramuscular (IM) injection of three drug combinations for immobilization of horses.

Study design

Randomized, blinded, three-way crossover prospective design.

Animals

A total of eight healthy adult horses weighing 470–575 kg.

Methods

Horses were administered three treatments IM separated by ≥1 week. Combinations were tiletamine–zolazepam (1.2 mg kg⁻¹), ketamine (1 mg kg⁻¹) and detomidine (0.04 mg kg⁻¹) (treatment TKD); ketamine (3 mg kg⁻¹) and detomidine (0.04 mg kg⁻¹) (treatment KD); and tiletamine–zolazepam (2.4 mg kg⁻¹) and detomidine (0.04 mg kg⁻¹) (treatment TD). Parametric data were analyzed using mixed model linear regression. Nonparametric data were compared using Skillings–Mack test. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

All horses in treatment TD became recumbent. In treatments KD and TKD, one horse remained standing. PaO₂ 15 minutes after recumbency was significantly lower in treatments TD (p < 0.0005) and TKD (p = 0.001) than in treatment KD. Times to first movement (25 ± 15 minutes) and sternal recumbency (55 ± 11 minutes) in treatment KD were faster than in treatments TD (57 ± 17 and 76 ± 19 minutes; p < 0.0005, p = 0.001) and TKD (45 ± 18 and 73 ± 31 minutes; p = 0.005, p = 0.021). There were no differences in induction quality, muscle relaxation score, number of attempts to stand or recovery quality.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In domestic horses, IM injections of tiletamine–zolazepam–detomidine resulted in more reliable recumbency with a longer duration when compared with ketamine–detomidine and tiletamine–zolazepam–ketamine–detomidine. Recoveries were comparable among protocols.

中文翻译：

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对健康家马的肌内麻醉方案的评估

客观的

评估肌肉内 (IM) 注射三种用于固定马的药物组合后的麻醉诱导、恢复质量和心肺变量。

学习规划

随机、盲法、三向交叉前瞻性设计。

动物

总共八匹健康的成年马，体重在 470-575 公斤之间。

方法

对马进行 3 次 IM 治疗，间隔≥1 周。组合是替他明-唑拉西泮（1.2 mg kg ^-1）、氯胺酮（1 mg kg ^-1）和地托咪定（0.04 mg kg ^-1）（治疗TKD）；氯胺酮（3 mg kg ^-1）和地托咪定（0.04 mg kg ^-1）（治疗 KD）；和替他明-唑拉西泮（2.4 mg kg ^-1）和地托咪定（0.04 mg kg ^-1）（治疗TD）。使用混合模型线性回归分析参数数据。使用 Skillings-Mack 检验比较非参数数据。甲p值<0.05被认为是统计学显著。

结果

接受 TD 治疗的所有马匹都躺着。在 KD 和 TKD 治疗中，一匹马保持站立。卧床后 15 分钟的PaO ₂在治疗 TD ( p < 0.0005) 和 TKD ( p  = 0.001)中显着低于治疗 KD。治疗 KD 的第一次运动时间（25 ± 15 分钟）和胸骨卧位（55 ± 11 分钟）比治疗 TD（57 ± 17 和 76 ± 19 分钟；p < 0.0005，p  = 0.001）和 TKD（45 ± 18 和 73 ± 31 分钟；p  = 0.005，p  = 0.021)。在诱导质量、肌肉放松评分、尝试站立次数或恢复质量方面没有差异。

结论和临床相关性

在家马中，与氯胺酮-地托咪定和替他明-唑拉西泮-氯胺酮-地托咪定相比，肌肉注射 tiletamine-zolazepam-detomidine 导致更可靠的卧床持续时间更长。不同方案之间的回收率具有可比性。