The paper is a part of a wider research on the Ismaili identity, peculiarities of the Ismailis’ self-identification in various parts of the world under different historical circumstances. The ambiguous status of the Ismailis in Afghanistan turned to be particularly problematic by the end of the 19th century when the Pashtuns became dominant in the traditionally Ismaili-inhabited areas. In a hostile milieu, under severe persecutions, the local Ismaili identity acquired a tendency of unification with other ethno-religious identities, the principle of taqiyya having been widely spread. Since then, the Ismailis became especially dependent on the political situation in Afghanistan and the policy of its rulers towards ethnic and religious minorities. The War of 1979-1989 turned to be the most dramatic episode in the history of the Ismaili community in Afghanistan when its very survival appeared to be questioned: Ismaili intellectuals left the region, and lower social layers got involved in drug cultivation and trafficking. Supporting any of the conflict’s sides could have led to a community tragedy, possibly to its complete annihilation. The limited information we obtained, including the memoirs of the Afghan War veterans, demonstrate the identity split in the Ismaili community of Afghanistan whose members were fighting on the opposite sides of the armed conflict.

该论文是对伊斯玛仪人身份的更广泛研究的一部分，伊斯玛仪人在不同历史环境下在世界各地的自我认同的特点。到 19 世纪末，当普什图人在传统的伊斯玛仪人居住区占据主导地位时，阿富汗伊斯玛仪人的模糊地位变得特别成问题。在敌对的环境中，在严厉的迫害下，当地的以斯玛仪身份获得了与其他民族宗教身份统一的趋势，即taqiyya原则被广泛传播。从那以后，伊斯玛仪派变得特别依赖阿富汗的政治局势及其统治者对少数民族和宗教少数群体的政策。1979 年至 1989 年的战争成为阿富汗伊斯玛仪社区历史上最具戏剧性的一幕，当时其生存似乎受到质疑：伊斯玛仪知识分子离开该地区，下层社会参与毒品种植和贩卖。支持冲突的任何一方都可能导致社区悲剧，甚至可能导致其彻底毁灭。我们获得的有限信息，包括阿富汗战争退伍军人的回忆录，表明阿富汗伊斯玛仪社区的身份分裂，其成员在武装冲突的对立面作战。