Purpose

Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating are linked to adverse health consequences. Research describing socioeconomic patterns in the prevalence of these problems is important for informing the design of health services and efforts to improve health equity.

Methods

Population-based cohort study (EAT 2010–2018: Eating and Activity over Time) of socioeconomically and ethnically/racially diverse U.S. young people who completed surveys as adolescents in 2009–2010 (mean age = 14.5 years) and as emerging adults in 2018 (mean age = 22.0 years). Participants were recruited from 20 schools in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Household socioeconomic status was determined using adolescent report of parental education, employment, and public assistance benefits. Analyses were conducted using data from 1531 participants and regression models that accounted for repeated measures within individuals.

Results

Among females, high body dissatisfaction and unhealthy weight control behaviors (e.g., skipping meals) were more prevalent and regular use of lifestyle weight management behaviors (e.g., exercise) was less prevalent in the low SES group as compared to the middle and/or upper SES groups (p ≤ .010). Among males, thinness-oriented dieting, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and extreme weight control behaviors (e.g., taking diet pills) were all more prevalent in the low SES group as compared to the middle and/or upper SES groups (p ≤ .010). Few differences were observed across SES groups in models that adjusted for ethnic/racial identity and body mass index.

Conclusions

There is a need for greater attention to the reach and relevance of efforts to prevent disordered eating and improve body satisfaction to ensure efforts benefit young people across SES groups.

中文翻译：

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身体不满意和饮食失调是来自不同社会经济背景的美国年轻人中普遍存在的问题：EAT 2010-2018 研究结果

目的

身体不满意和饮食失调与不良健康后果有关。描述这些问题普遍存在的社会经济模式的研究对于指导卫生服务的设计和改善健康公平的努力非常重要。

方法

基于人群的队列研究（EAT 2010-2018：随着时间的推移饮食和活动）针对社会经济和民族/种族多样化的美国年轻人，他们在 2009-2010 年青少年时期（平均年龄 = 14.5 岁）和 2018 年作为新兴成年人完成了调查（平均年龄 = 22.0 岁）。参与者是从明尼阿波利斯-圣路易斯的 20 所学校招募的。保罗，明尼苏达州。家庭社会经济地位是根据青少年的父母教育、就业和公共援助福利报告来确定的。使用来自 1531 名参与者的数据和考虑了个体重复测量的回归模型进行了分析。

结果

在女性中，与中等和/或较高社会经济地位群体相比，低社会经济地位群体对身体的高度不满和不健康的体重控制行为（例如，不吃饭）更为普遍，而定期使用生活方式体重管理行为（例如，运动）则不太普遍。 SES 组 ( p  ≤ .010)。在男性中，与中等和/或较高 SES 组相比，以瘦身为导向的节食、不健康的体重控制行为和极端体重控制行为（例如服用减肥药）在低 SES 组中更为普遍 (p ≤ .010 ）。在根据民族/种族身份和体重指数进行调整的模型中，不同 SES 群体之间几乎没有观察到差异。

结论

需要更多地关注预防饮食失调和提高身体满意度的努力的范围和相关性，以确保这些努力惠及各个社会经济地位群体的年轻人。