Background

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, limited data on trends in the global burden of T2D attributed to PM_2.5, particularly in different regions by social-economic levels. We evaluated the spatio-temporal changes in the disease burden of T2D attributed to PM_2.5 from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and regions with different socio-demographic indexes (SDI).

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis with data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) database. The burden of T2D attributed to PM_2.5, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR) were estimated according to sex, age, nationality and SDI. The annual percentage change (APCs) and the average annual percentage change (AAPCs) were calculated by using the Joinpoint model to evaluate the changing trend of ASMR and ASDR attributed to PM_2.5 from 1990 to 2019. The Gaussian process regression model was used to estimate the relationship of SDI with ASMR and ASDR.

Results

Overall, the global burden of T2D attributable to PM_2.5 increased significantly since 1990, particularly in the elderly, men, Africa, Asia and low-middle SDI regions. The ASMR and ASDR of T2D attributable to PM_2.5 in 2019 were 2.47 (95% CI: 1.71, 3.24) per 100,000 population and 108.98 (95% CI: 74.06, 147.23) per 100,000 population, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the global ASMR and ASDR of T2D attributed to T2D increased by 57.32% and 86.75%, respectively. The global AAPCs of ASMR and ASDR were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.46, 1.68) and 2.17 (95% CI: 2.02, 2.32), respectively. Declining trends were observed in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and other regions with high SDI.

Conclusions

Over this 30-years study, the global T2D burden attributable to PM_2.5 has increased particularly in regions with low-middle SDI. PM_2.5 remains a great concern on the global burden of diabetes.

中文翻译：

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PM2.5 导致的 2 型糖尿病：1990 年至 2019 年的全球负担研究

背景

长期接触细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 会增加患 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 的风险。然而，关于归因于 PM _2.5的 T2D 全球负担趋势的数据有限，特别是在不同地区的社会经济水平。我们评估了1990 年至 2019 年在 204 个具有不同社会人口指数（SDI）的国家和地区归因于 PM _2.5的 T2D 疾病负担的时空变化。

方法

这是对 2019 年全球疾病负担研究 (GBD2019) 数据库中数据的回顾性分析。根据性别、年龄、国籍和 SDI 估计归因于 PM _2.5的 T2D 负担、年龄标准化死亡率 (ASMR) 和年龄标准化残疾调整生命年率 (ASDR)。使用Joinpoint模型计算年百分比变化（APCs）和年平均百分比变化（AAPCs），评估1990-2019年PM _2.5归因于ASMR和ASDR的变化趋势。高斯过程回归模型用于估计SDI与ASMR和ASDR的关系。

结果

总体而言，可归因于 PM _2.5的全球 T2D 负担自 1990 年以来显着增加，尤其是在老年人、男性、非洲、亚洲和中低 SDI 地区。2019 年可归因于 PM _2.5的 T2D 的 ASMR 和 ASDR分别为每 100,000 人 2.47（95% CI：1.71、3.24）和每 100,000 人 108.98（95% CI：74.06、147.23）1990年至2019年，全球归因于T2D的T2D的ASMR和ASDR分别增长了57.32%和86.75%。ASMR 和 ASDR 的全球 AAPC 分别为 1.57（95% CI：1.46、1.68）和 2.17（95% CI：2.02、2.32）。在北美、南美、欧洲、澳大利亚和其他 SDI 高的地区观察到下降趋势。

结论

在这项为期 30 年的研究中，PM _2.5导致的全球 T2D 负担有所增加，尤其是在中低 SDI 的地区。PM _2.5仍然是全球糖尿病负担的一个重要问题。