Previous geoarchaeological research on the Akko coastal plain have contributed to the understanding of the ancient coastal interface and added evidence as to the location/shift of the ancient anchorages dating from the Middle Bronze Age (beginning of the 2nd Millennium BC) to the Early Hellenistic period (mid of the 2nd century BC) of the ancient site of Tel Akko. The present research provides new insights into the environmental changes and likely anchorage sites along the western edge of Tel Akko in the 1st Millennium BC (Iron Age II and III, periods associated with the Phoenician mariners and Persian army incursion). Our approach for locating the anchorage is based on a detailed investigation of subsurface sediments combining sedimentological and faunal analysis and radiocarbon dating of cores as well as identification of ceramic sherds found in the cores, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys. Paleoenvironmental changes are compared and contrasted with the results of the archaeological investigations on the tell and in its vicinity. Our new data demonstrates that the Phoenician/Persian maritime interface of Tel Akko was mainly oriented toward the southwestern area of the tell where a natural anchorage was likely to have been located. At that time, the water depth in this area was ca. 2m, allowing for the anchorage of seagoing vessels. Increasing sediment deposition lead to the deterioration of direct, and eventual loss of access, to the sea. These conditions initiated the abandonment of the tell in the Early Hellenistic period as well as the westward shift to habitation on the peninsula, now the ‘Old city of Akko’, the Crusaders' Saint Jean d’Acre.

先前对 Akko 沿海平原的地质考古研究有助于了解古代沿海界面，并增加了关于从青铜时代中期（公元前 2 千年开始）到希腊化早期的古代锚地的位置/转移的证据（公元前 2 世纪中叶）的 Tel Akko 古遗址。本研究为公元前一千年（铁器时代 II 和 III，与腓尼基水手和波斯军队入侵相关的时期）的环境变化和可能的锚地地点提供了新的见解。我们定位锚地的方法是基于对地下沉积物的详细调查，结合沉积学和动物区系分析以及岩心的放射性碳测年以及岩心中发现的陶瓷碎片的鉴定，以及探地雷达 (GPR) 和电阻率层析成像 (ERT) ） 调查。将古环境变化与该地及其附近的考古调查结果进行比较和对比。我们的新数据表明，Tel Akko 的腓尼基/波斯海上界面主要面向可能存在天然锚地的告诉西南地区。当时，该地区的水深约为。2m，允许海船停泊。沉积物沉积的增加导致直接、并最终无法进入大海。这些条件导致了早期希腊化时期的托尔被放弃，以及向西迁移到半岛上的居住地，即现在的“阿科老城”，即十字军的圣让 d'Acre。