Salvage logging is one of the most common post-fire management strategies, known for trigger soil degradation processes. Soil compaction, the major disturbance associated with logging operations, could seriously hamper the resilience of soil microorganisms after the perturbation produced by fire. The main objective of this work was to assess the impact of post-fire salvage logging on the composition and structure of soil bacterial and fungi communities, as well as to correlate these findings with the changes in soil physicochemical properties. The management severely affected the soil physicochemical and microbial properties. Whereas an increase of alpha diversity was detected in the treated soils for the microbial community, the microbial functionality registered was lower when compared to control soils. Salvage logging profoundly altered the structure and composition of the microbial communities, being modifications in soil structure the main driver in the microbial community shifts. Soil degradation induced by logging operations resulted in new niches related to anoxic habitats, being Proteobacteria and Firmicutes families, capable of anaerobic respiration, families with high abundance in the affected soils. In addition, the depletion in C and N nutrients as a consequence of the soil erosion reduced the microbial populations sensitive to substrates availability, e.g. Actinomycetales. Ascomycota increased proportionally in managed soils, which might be due to the removal of host plants dependent on ectomycorrhizal fungi. This study demonstrated that physical soil disturbance performed by the post-fire salvage logging profoundly impacted the soil microbial community and associated functions. A deeper understanding of the relationship between disturbances caused by forest management and resilience of soil biodiversity is required.

抢救性伐木是最常见的火灾后管理策略之一，以触发土壤退化过程而闻名。土壤压实是与伐木作业相关的主要干扰，在火灾产生的扰动后会严重阻碍土壤微生物的恢复能力。这项工作的主要目的是评估火灾后打捞伐木对土壤细菌和真菌群落组成和结构的影响，并将这些发现与土壤理化性质的变化联系起来。管理严重影响了土壤理化和微生物特性。尽管在微生物群落的处理土壤中检测到 α 多样性增加，但与对照土壤相比，记录的微生物功能较低。打捞伐木深刻地改变了微生物群落的结构和组成，土壤结构的改变是微生物群落转变的主要驱动力。伐木作业引起的土壤退化导致了与缺氧栖息地相关的新生态位，即变形杆菌和厚壁菌科，能够进行厌氧呼吸，受影响土壤中丰度高的科。此外，土壤侵蚀导致的 C 和 N 养分消耗减少了对底物可用性敏感的微生物种群，例如放线菌。子囊菌在管理的土壤中成比例增加，这可能是由于依赖外生菌根真菌的寄主植物的去除。这项研究表明，火灾后打捞伐木进行的物理土壤扰动对土壤微生物群落和相关功能产生了深远的影响。需要更深入地了解森林管理造成的干扰与土壤生物多样性恢复力之间的关系。