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Scale-dependent shifts in functional and phylogenetic structure of Mediterranean island plant communities over two centuries
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-23 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13733
Chunhui Zhang 1 , Marc W. Cadotte 2 , Alessandro Chiarucci 3 , Michel Loreau 4 , Charles G. Willis 5 , Xingfeng Si 6 , Lanping Li 1 , Marcus V. Cianciaruso 7
Affiliation  

  1. Since the Industrial Revolution, the rapid global population and economic expansion have had tremendous impacts on biodiversity across spatial scales, especially for islands. While changes in species richness are easily inferred, the impact of human activity on the underlying community assembly processes has been difficult to ascertain because of lack of long-term community data.
  2. Here, we document how the manifestations of plant community assembly have changed over time and space in a Mediterranean archipelago, using a long-term dataset of plant species composition on 16 Tuscan islands sampled across two centuries. The community structure of Mediterranean island plant communities was assessed by integrating species' trait and evolutionary distances.
  3. We found that, with increasing island area, the functional and phylogenetic structure of plant communities shifted from clustered early (1830–1950) to overdispersed more recently (1951–2015). On large islands, extirpated species were generally more phylogenetically or functionally similar to remaining residents than expected by chance, while colonists were generally more distantly related to residents. The extinction of similar species and the colonization of dissimilar species drove plant communities towards overdispersion.
  4. Synthesis. We provide evidence that plant community assembly on islands has dramatically changed following increased human impacts during the last two centuries, and that this change is shaped by the scale dependency of species extinctions and colonizations. Our results reveal accelerated species replacements of closely related residents by distant colonists on large islands over time, reflecting changes in community assembly and which could alter the functioning of island ecosystems in the future.


中文翻译:

两个世纪以来地中海岛屿植物群落功能和系统发育结构的规模依赖性变化

  1. 自工业革命以来,快速的全球人口和经济扩张对跨空间尺度的生物多样性产生了巨大影响,尤其是对岛屿而言。虽然物种丰富度的变化很容易推断,但由于缺乏长期的群落数据,人类活动对潜在群落组装过程的影响难以确定。
  2. 在这里,我们使用跨越两个世纪采样的 16 个托斯卡纳岛屿植物物种组成的长期数据集,记录了地中海群岛植物群落组装的表现如何随时间和空间变化。通过整合物种的性状和进化距离来评估地中海岛屿植物群落的群落结构。
  3. 我们发现,随着岛屿面积的增加,植物群落的功能和系统发育结构从早期的聚集(1830-1950)转变为最近(1951-2015)的过度分散。在大岛上,灭绝的物种通常在系统发育或功能上与剩余居民的相似程度比偶然预期的更高,而殖民者通常与居民的亲缘关系更远。相似物种的灭绝和不同物种的殖民导致植物群落过度分散。
  4. 合成。我们提供的证据表明,随着过去两个世纪人类影响的增加,岛屿上的植物群落集会发生了巨大变化,而这种变化是由物种灭绝和殖民的规模依赖性所塑造的。我们的研究结果表明,随着时间的推移,大岛上的远距离殖民者加速了近亲居民的物种替换,反映了社区集会的变化,这可能会改变未来岛屿生态系统的功能。
更新日期:2021-06-23
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