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Individual differences in epistemically suspect beliefs: the role of analytic thinking and susceptibility to cognitive biases
Thinking & Reasoning ( IF 2.915 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-22 , DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2021.1938220
Jakub Šrol 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

The endorsement of epistemically suspect (i.e., paranormal, conspiracy, and pseudoscientific) beliefs is widespread and has negative consequences. Therefore, it is important to understand the reasoning processes – such as lower analytic thinking and susceptibility to cognitive biases – that might lead to the adoption of such beliefs. In two studies, I constructed and tested a novel questionnaire on epistemically suspect beliefs (Study 1, N = 263), and used it to examine probabilistic reasoning biases and belief bias in syllogistic reasoning as predictors of the endorsement of those beliefs, while accounting for analytic thinking and worldview variables (Study 2, N = 397). Probabilistic reasoning biases, analytic thinking, religious faith, and political liberalism consistently predicted various epistemically suspect beliefs, whereas the effect of syllogistic belief bias was largely restricted to pseudoscientific beliefs. Further research will be needed to examine the role the biased evaluation of evidence plays in the endorsement of epistemically suspect beliefs.



中文翻译:

认知怀疑信念中的个体差异:分析思维的作用和对认知偏差的易感性

摘要

对认知上的可疑(即超自然、阴谋和伪科学)信念的认可很普遍,并且会产生负面影响。因此,了解可能导致采用此类信念的推理过程(例如较低的分析思维和对认知偏见的敏感性)非常重要。在两项研究中,我构建并测试了一份关于认知怀疑信念的新问卷(研究 1,N  = 263),并用它来检查概率推理偏差和三段论推理中的信念偏差,作为这些信念认可的预测因子,同时考虑分析思维和世界观变量(研究 2,N = 397)。概率推理偏差、分析思维、宗教信仰和政治自由主义一致地预测了各种认知上的可疑信仰,而三段论信仰偏差的影响在很大程度上仅限于伪科学信仰。需要进一步的研究来检验有偏见的证据评估在认可认知怀疑信念中所起的作用。

更新日期:2021-06-22
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