In-sewer stability of biomarkers is a critical factor for wastewater-based epidemiology, as it could affect the accuracy of the estimated prevalence of substances in the community. The spatiotemporal variations of environmental and biological conditions in sewers can influence the transformation of biomarkers. To date, the relationship between environmental variables and biomarker stability in sewers is poorly understood. Therefore, this study evaluated the transformation of common illicit drug and pharmaceutical biomarkers in laboratory sewer reactors with different levels of pH, temperature, and suspended solids. The correlations between degradation rates of 14 biomarkers, 3 controlled environmental variables (pH, temperature, and suspended solids concentration), and 3 biological activity indicators (sulfide production rate, methane production rate, and the removal rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)) were assessed using correlation matrix, stepwise regression method, and principal component analysis. The consistent results affirmed the dominant effects of biological activities and pH on biomarker transformation in sewers, particularly for labile compounds, whereas the impact of temperature or suspended solids was less significant. This study enhances the understanding of factors affecting the fate of micropollutants in sewer systems and facilitates the interpretation of WBE results for assessing drug use and public health in communities.

中文翻译：

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pH、温度、悬浮固体和生物活性对下水道中非法药物和药物生物标志物转化的影响

生物标志物在下水道中的稳定性是基于废水的流行病学的一个关键因素，因为它可能影响社区中物质流行率估计的准确性。下水道环境和生物条件的时空变化会影响生物标志物的转化。迄今为止，人们对环境变量与下水道生物标志物稳定性之间的关系知之甚少。因此，本研究评估了不同 pH、温度和悬浮固体水平的实验室下水道反应器中常见违禁药物和药物生物标志物的转化。14 种生物标志物的降解率、3 个受控环境变量（pH、温度和悬浮物浓度）和 3 个生物活性指标（硫化物产率、使用相关矩阵、逐步回归方法和主成分分析评估甲烷产生率和可溶性化学需氧量 (SCOD) 的去除率。一致的结果证实了生物活性和 pH 值对下水道中生物标志物转化的主要影响，特别是对于不稳定化合物，而温度或悬浮固体的影响则不那么显着。这项研究增强了对影响下水道系统中微污染物归宿的因素的理解，并促进了对 WBE 结果的解释，以评估社区中的药物使用和公共卫生。一致的结果证实了生物活性和 pH 值对下水道中生物标志物转化的主要影响，特别是对于不稳定化合物，而温度或悬浮固体的影响则不那么显着。这项研究增强了对影响下水道系统中微污染物归宿的因素的理解，并促进了对 WBE 结果的解释，以评估社区中的药物使用和公共卫生。一致的结果证实了生物活性和 pH 值对下水道中生物标志物转化的主要影响，特别是对于不稳定化合物，而温度或悬浮固体的影响则不那么显着。这项研究增强了对影响下水道系统中微污染物归宿的因素的理解，并促进了对 WBE 结果的解释，以评估社区中的药物使用和公共卫生。