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Deletion of ER-retention motif on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces cell hybrid during cell–cell fusion
Cell and Bioscience ( IF 7.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-23 , DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00626-0
Xuening Wang 1, 2 , Chih-Hsiung Chen 1, 2 , Saiaditya Badeti 1, 2, 3 , Jong Hyun Cho 3 , Alireza Naghizadeh 1, 2 , Ziren Wang 3 , Dongfang Liu 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

The novel SARS-CoV-2 has quickly become a global pandemic since the first reported case in December 2019, with the virus infecting millions of people to date. The spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus plays a key role in binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2. S proteins that are expressed on the cell membrane can initiate receptor-dependent syncytia formation that is associated with extensive tissue damage. Formation of syncytia have been previously observed in cells infected with various other viruses (e.g., HIV, Ebola, Influenza, and Herpesviruses). However, this phenomenon is not well documented and the mechanisms regulating the formation of the syncytia by SARS-CoV-2 are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the possibility that cell fusion events mediated by the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 interaction can occur in different human cell lines that mimic different tissue origins. These cell lines were transduced with either wild-type (WT-S) S protein or a mutated variant where the ER-retention motif was removed (Δ19-S), as well as human ACE2 expression vectors. Different co-culture combinations of spike-expressing 293T, A549, K562, and SK-Hep1 cells with hACE2-expressing cells revealed cell hybrid fusion. However, only certain cells expressing S protein can form syncytial structures as this phenomenon cannot be observed in all co-culture combinations. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 mediated cell–cell fusion represents a cell type-dependent process which might rely on a different set of parameters. Recently, the Δ19-S variant is being widely used to increase SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus production for in vitro assays. Comparison of cell fusion occurring via Δ19-S expressing cells shows defective nuclear fusion and syncytia formation compared to WT-S. This distinction between the Δ19-S variant and WT-S protein may have downstream implications for studies that utilize pseudovirus-based entry assays. Additionally, this study suggest that spike protein expressed by vaccines may affect different ACE2-expressing host cells after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration. The long-term effects of these vaccines should be monitored carefully. Δ19-S mRNA may represent a safer mRNA vaccine design in the future.

中文翻译:

删除 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白上的 ER 保留基序可减少细胞-细胞融合过程中的细胞杂交

自 2019 年 12 月首次报告病例以来,新型 SARS-CoV-2 已迅速成为全球流行病,迄今为止该病毒已感染数百万人。SARS-CoV-2 病毒的刺突 (S) 蛋白在与血管紧张素转化酶 2 (ACE2)(一种 SARS-CoV-2 的宿主细胞受体)结合方面起着关键作用。在细胞膜上表达的 S 蛋白可以启动与广泛组织损伤相关的受体依赖性合胞体形成。先前已在感染各种其他病毒(例如,HIV、埃博拉病毒、流感病毒和疱疹病毒)的细胞中观察到合胞体的形成。然而,这种现象并没有得到很好的记录,并且对 SARS-CoV-2 合胞体形成的调节机制也没有完全了解。在这项研究中,我们研究了由 SARS-CoV-2 的 S 蛋白和 ACE2 相互作用介导的细胞融合事件在模拟不同组织来源的不同人类细胞系中发生的可能性。这些细胞系用野生型 (WT-S) S 蛋白或去除了 ER 保留基序的突变变体 (Δ19-S) 以及人 ACE2 表达载体转导。表达刺突的 293T、A549、K562 和 SK-Hep1 细胞与表达 hACE2 的细胞的不同共培养组合显示细胞混合融合。然而,只有某些表达 S 蛋白的细胞才能形成合胞结构,因为在所有共培养组合中都无法观察到这种现象。因此,SARS-CoV-2 介导的细胞-细胞融合代表了一种细胞类型依赖性过程,该过程可能依赖于一组不同的参数。最近,Δ19-S 变体被广泛用于增加 SARS-CoV-2 假病毒的产量,以进行体外检测。通过Δ19-S表达细胞发生的细胞融合的比较显示与WT-S相比有缺陷的核融合和合胞体形成。Δ19-S 变体和 WT-S 蛋白之间的这种区别可能对利用基于假病毒的进入检测的研究具有下游意义。此外,这项研究表明,疫苗表达的刺突蛋白可能会在 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后影响不同的表达 ACE2 的宿主细胞。应仔细监测这些疫苗的长期影响。Δ19-S mRNA 可能代表未来更安全的 mRNA 疫苗设计。通过Δ19-S表达细胞发生的细胞融合的比较显示与WT-S相比有缺陷的核融合和合胞体形成。Δ19-S 变体和 WT-S 蛋白之间的这种区别可能对利用基于假病毒的进入检测的研究具有下游意义。此外,这项研究表明,疫苗表达的刺突蛋白可能会在 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后影响不同的表达 ACE2 的宿主细胞。应仔细监测这些疫苗的长期影响。Δ19-S mRNA 可能代表未来更安全的 mRNA 疫苗设计。通过Δ19-S表达细胞发生的细胞融合的比较显示与WT-S相比有缺陷的核融合和合胞体形成。Δ19-S 变体和 WT-S 蛋白之间的这种区别可能对利用基于假病毒的进入检测的研究具有下游意义。此外,这项研究表明,疫苗表达的刺突蛋白可能会在 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后影响不同的表达 ACE2 的宿主细胞。应仔细监测这些疫苗的长期影响。Δ19-S mRNA 可能代表未来更安全的 mRNA 疫苗设计。这项研究表明,疫苗表达的刺突蛋白可能会在 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后影响不同的表达 ACE2 的宿主细胞。应仔细监测这些疫苗的长期影响。Δ19-S mRNA 可能代表未来更安全的 mRNA 疫苗设计。这项研究表明,疫苗表达的刺突蛋白可能会在 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后影响不同的表达 ACE2 的宿主细胞。应仔细监测这些疫苗的长期影响。Δ19-S mRNA 可能代表未来更安全的 mRNA 疫苗设计。
更新日期:2021-06-23
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