Gymnema sylvestre is a reputable medicinal plant commonly explore for the management of diabetes and other ailments in traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions and effect of crude extract, hexane, and ethyl-acetate fractions of Gymnema sylvestre on biochemical and hematological parameters of Wistar rats. Albino rats were distributed randomly into a control group and nine treatment groups orally administered crude extract and fractions of Gymnema sylvestre (100, 300, and 600 mg/kg BW) for 21 days. Liver and kidney function indices, as well as hematological parameters, were monitored. Our results revealed that the crude methanol extract contains flavonoids (8.56 ± 0.50 mg/g), alkaloids (13.84 ± 0.67 mg/g), total phenol (1.98 ± 0.50 mg/g), saponins (23.85 ± 0.35 mg/g) and tannins (16.00 ± 0.34 mg/g). The crude methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of Gymnema sylvestre had LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg BW in acute oral toxicity test. The extract and fractions at 300 and 600 mg/kg BW cause loss of body weight of the rats, significantly altered (p < 0.05) the levels of biochemical indices including the aspartate transaminases, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphates, bilirubin, proteins, urea, creatinine, and white blood cells (WBC) counts when compared with the non-treated control. However, the extract and fractions at 100 mg/kg BW did not cause any significant (p > 0.05) alterations to the levels of biochemical and hematological parameters when compared with the non-treated control. Gymnema sylvestre at sub-acute doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg BW could compromise the functional integrity of the rats’ liver and kidney. The study, therefore, suggested the use of Gymnema sylvestre for oral remedy at a dose of 100 mg/kg or below.

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匙羹藤粗提取物和组分的急性和亚急性毒性特征

匙羹藤是一种著名的药用植物，通常在传统医学中用于治疗糖尿病和其他疾病。在本研究中，我们研究了匙羹藤粗提取物、己烷和乙酸乙酯部分的植物化学成分和对 Wistar 大鼠生化和血液学参数的影响。白化大鼠随机分为对照组和九个治疗组，口服粗提物和匙羹藤的级分（100、300 和 600 mg/kg BW），持续 21 天。监测肝和肾功能指数以及血液学参数。我们的结果显示甲醇粗提物含有黄酮类化合物 (8.56 ± 0.50 mg/g)、生物碱 (13.84 ± 0.67 mg/g)、总酚 (1.98 ± 0.50 mg/g)、皂苷 (23.85 ± 0.35 mg/g) 和单宁 (16.00 ± 0.34 毫克/克)。在急性经口毒性试验中，匙羹藤粗甲醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷馏分的 LD50 大于 5000 mg/kg BW。300 和 600 mg/kg BW 的提取物和级分导致大鼠体重减轻，显着改变（p < 0.05）生化指标水平，包括天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、碱性磷酸盐、胆红素、蛋白质、尿素、与未处理的对照相比，肌酐和白细胞 (WBC) 计数。然而，与未处理的对照相比，100 mg/kg BW 的提取物和级分不会对生化和血液学参数的水平造成任何显着的 (p > 0.05) 改变。亚急性剂量 300 和 600 毫克/千克体重的匙羹藤会损害大鼠肝脏和肾脏的功能完整性。研究，