Bullying among adolescents is associated with different mental health issues, for both victims and aggressors. This association has been evidenced in different contexts, but its relationship to other aspects of schooling, such as school climate, have not always been considered. The purpose of this study was to examine how school climate—as perceived by students—is associated with the roles of victim and aggressor in bullying situations, and problems of internalizing and externalizing behaviors among adolescents. To this end, a sample of 366 adolescent students were asked to self-report on school climate; bullying in terms of victimization and aggression; and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. A negative association was evidenced by means of structural equations between school climate and victimization, as well as a positive association between victimization and internalizing behaviors. A positive relationship was found between bullying aggression and externalizing behaviors, although school climate did not predict aggression levels. These results reinforce the importance of considering schooling dimensions to understand bullying and its consequences on the mental health of adolescents, particularly for bullying victimization and its relation to internalizing behaviors.

对于受害者和攻击者来说，青少年之间的欺凌与不同的心理健康问题有关。这种关联已在不同背景下得到证实，但并不总是考虑到它与学校教育其他方面（例如学校气候）的关系。本研究的目的是检查学生所感知的学校氛围如何与欺凌情况下的受害者和攻击者的角色以及青少年内化和外化行为的问题相关联。为此，366 名青少年学生样本被要求对学校氛围进行自我报告；受害和侵略方面的欺凌；以及内化和外化行为。学校气候和受害之间的结构方程证明了负相关，以及受害行为和内化行为之间存在正相关。尽管学校气候不能预测攻击性水平，但在欺凌攻击性和外化行为之间发现了正相关关系。这些结果强调了考虑学校教育方面的重要性，以了解欺凌及其对青少年心理健康的影响，特别是欺凌受害及其与内化行为的关系。