The historical relic of pharmaceutical, opium-containing preparation Laudanum opiatum caesareum from the eighteenth century was analyzed using a multianalytical approach. Inorganic substances were indirectly determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. HPLC and GC connected with mass spectrometry were used for the detection of organic substances. The volatile organic substances were captured by headspace-solid phase microextraction before analysis. From the results, it was possible to largely authenticate the original recipe, although the results show that the period apothecary changed the recipe by omitting some ingredients and by the addition of an extra ingredient. A total of 59 organic substances were detected, most of which served as markers confirming the presence of ingredients according to the period prescription. Besides, it was possible to confirm the assumption from the previous publication that the calculated ratio of the concentration of noscapine and cotarnine can be used as a marker for the age of the opium-containing preparations. The results also demonstrate that even though more than two centuries have passed since the preparation of the analyzed relic, and the container in which it has been stored was not hermetically sealed, it was possible to detect many volatile substances even after such a long time.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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Laudanum opiatum caesareum：使用多分析方法鉴定十八世纪历史药物制剂的成分

药用、含鸦片制剂Laudanum opiatum caesareum的历史遗迹从十八世纪开始使用多元分析方法进行分析。无机物质通过原子吸收光谱法间接测定。HPLC和GC与质谱联用用于有机物的检测。在分析之前，通过顶空-固相微萃取来捕获挥发性有机物质。从结果来看，有可能在很大程度上验证原始配方的真实性，尽管结果表明时期药剂师通过省略一些成分并添加额外成分来改变配方。共检测到 59 种有机物质，其中大部分是根据时期处方确认成分存在的标志物。除了，有可能证实先前出版物中的假设，即计算出的那可品和可卡宁浓度的比率可用作含鸦片制剂年龄的标志。结果还表明，尽管自分析文物的制备以来已经过去了两个多世纪，并且存放它的容器没有密封，但即使经过这么长时间，仍有可能检测到许多挥发性物质。

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