Background: Population characteristics associated with the use of prostate biopsy are poorly understood. We described the use of diagnostic prostate biopsy and subsequent biopsy outcomes in a population-based Australian cohort. Methods: A total of 91,764 men from the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (New South Wales, Australia) recruited during 2006 to 2009 were included. Self-completed baseline questionnaires and linked administrative health data were used. Study period was from the date of recruitment to December 2013. Cox regression and logistic regression identified factors associated with receipt of biopsy and subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis. Results: During the study period, 5,089 participants had a diagnostic prostate biopsy, and 2,805 men (55.1% of those biopsied) received a cancer diagnosis. Men with a family history of prostate cancer (HR 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–1.68), severe lower urinary tract symptoms (HR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.41–1.86), or a record of medication for benign prostatic hyperplasia (HR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.23–1.47) had increased risks of receiving a biopsy. Men with a family history of prostate cancer had increased odds of a positive biopsy (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01–1.43). High alcohol consumption (≥21 drinks per week compared with 1–6 drinks per week) was associated with decreased risk of biopsy (HR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.96) but increased odds of a positive biopsy (OR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.32–2.02). Conclusions: Certain characteristics are associated with both undertaking diagnostic prostate biopsy and positive biopsy outcomes. Impact: This highlights the need to improve management of specific groups of men, especially those with clinical symptoms that overlap with prostate cancer, in their investigation for prostate cancer.

中文翻译：

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与澳大利亚男性使用诊断性前列腺活检和活检结果相关的特征

背景：与使用前列腺活检相关的人群特征知之甚少。我们描述了在基于人群的澳大利亚队列中使用诊断性前列腺活检和随后的活检结果。方法：在 2006 年至 2009 年间招募的来自萨克斯学院 45 岁及以上研究（澳大利亚新南威尔士州）的总共 91,764 名男性被纳入研究。使用了自我完成的基线问卷和相关的行政健康数据。研究期从招募日期到 2013 年 12 月。Cox 回归和逻辑回归确定了与接受活检和随后的前列腺癌诊断相关的因素。结果：在研究期间，5,089 名参与者进行了诊断性前列腺活检，2,805 名男性（占活检对象的 55.1%）接受了癌症诊断。有前列腺癌家族史（HR 1.55；95% 置信区间 (CI)，1.43–1.68）、严重下尿路症状（HR 1.62；95% CI，1.41–1.86）或有良性药物治疗记录的男性前列腺增生（HR 1.34；95% CI，1.23–1.47）增加了接受活检的风险。有前列腺癌家族史的男性活检阳性的几率增加（OR 1.21；95% CI，1.01-1.43）。大量饮酒（每周≥21 杯，而每周 1-6 杯）与活检风险降低相关（HR 0.88；95% CI，0.80-0.96），但活检阳性几率增加（OR 1.63；95% CI，1.32-2.02）。结论：某些特征与进行诊断性前列腺活检和阳性活检结果有关。影响：这凸显了改善对特定男性群体的管理的必要性，