Currently, crude oil still remains an irreplaceable energy source for chemical industrial processes, transportation systems, electricity, and other human activities. However, crude oil contains sulfur elements as the major impurities in the form of aliphatic and aromatic organosulfur compounds. During the combustion of fuel, these organosulfur compounds are converted to harmful SOx gases; thus, many countries strictly limit the maximum sulfur content in the fuels. To fulfill the government regulation, refineries are trying to decrease the maximum sulfur content in crude oil through several desulfurization technologies, such as hydrodesulfurization, adsorption, oxidative-desulfurization, alkylation, and biodesulfurization. Each desulfurization technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this review article, we aimed to briefly summarize the progress in the developing science and technology of each desulfurization process of crude oil. Several fields in the desulfurization process are still facing challenges to create better designs and development for a safer future of the world.

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原油脱硫工艺的科技进展

目前，原油仍然是化学工业过程、运输系统、电力和其他人类活动不可替代的能源。然而，原油含有硫元素作为脂肪族和芳香族有机硫化合物形式的主要杂质。在燃料燃烧过程中，这些有机硫化合物会转化为有害的 SOx 气体；因此，许多国家严格限制燃料中的最大硫含量。为履行政府规定，炼油厂正在尝试通过加氢脱硫、吸附、氧化脱硫、烷基化和生物脱硫等多种脱硫技术来降低原油中的最大硫含量。每种脱硫技术都有其优点和缺点。在这篇评论文章中，我们旨在简要总结原油各脱硫工艺的发展科学技术进展。脱硫过程中的几个领域仍然面临着为更安全的世界创造更好的设计和开发的挑战。