The primate visual system has been the prime site for investigating the relationship between stimulus property, neural response and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)-signal; yet this relationship remains ill-understood. Electrophysiological studies have shown that the ability to visualise a neural response is determined by stimulus property and presentation paradigm. The neural response in the human visual cortex consists of a phasic response processing temporal and tonic response processing spatial luminance contrast. We investigated their influence on the BOLD signal from the visual cortex. To do so, we compared BOLD signal amplitude from BA17 and BA18 of 15 human volunteers to visual patterns varying the size of the active neural population and the discharge activity of this population. The BOLD signal amplitude in both areas reflected the discharge activity of the active neural population but not the size of the active neural population. For identical stimuli, BOLD signal amplitude in BA17 exceeded than that of BA18. This indicates that the BOLD signal reflects the tonic neural neuronal response during spatial luminance contrast processing. The difference in BOLD signal amplitude between BA17 and BA18 is accounted for by differences in neurophysiological and cytoarchitectonic differences between the two areas. Our findings offer an understanding of the relationship between stimulus property, neural response and the BOLD signal by considering the cytoarchitectonic, and neurophysiological make-up between different cortical areas and the influence of a phasic and tonic neural response on local deoxyhaemoglobin concentration. Conversely, differences in BOLD signal between brain structures and stimuli provide cues to the influence of different neurophysiological mechanisms on the neural response.

中文翻译：

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时间和空间亮度对比处理过程中的神经反应及其在纹状体和纹状体外皮层血氧水平依赖性信号中的表现。

灵长类动物视觉系统一直是研究刺激特性、神经反应和血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号之间关系的主要场所。然而这种关系仍然不被理解。电生理学研究表明，可视化神经反应的能力是由刺激特性和呈现范式决定的。人类视觉皮层的神经反应由处理时间的相位反应和处理空间亮度对比度的紧张反应组成。我们研究了它们对视觉皮层 BOLD 信号的影响。为此，我们将 15 名人类志愿者的 BA17 和 BA18 的 BOLD 信号幅度与不同活跃神经群体大小和该群体放电活动的视觉模式进行了比较。两个区域中的 BOLD 信号幅度反映了活跃神经群体的放电活动，但不反映活跃神经群体的大小。对于相同的刺激，BA17 中的 BOLD 信号幅度超过了 BA18 的信号幅度。这表明BOLD信号反映了空间亮度对比度处理期间的紧张性神经元反应。BA17 和 BA18 之间 BOLD 信号幅度的差异是由两个区域之间的神经生理学和细胞结构差异造成的。我们的研究结果通过考虑不同皮质区域之间的细胞结构和神经生理学组成以及阶段性和紧张性神经反应对局部脱氧血红蛋白浓度的影响，提供了对刺激特性、神经反应和 BOLD 信号之间关系的理解。相反，大脑结构和刺激之间 BOLD 信号的差异为不同神经生理机制对神经反应的影响提供了线索。