Biological reactions require self-assembly of factors in the complex cellular milieu. Recent evidence indicates that intrinsically disordered, low-complexity sequence domains (LCDs) found in regulatory factors mediate diverse cellular processes from gene expression to DNA repair to signal transduction, by enriching specific biomolecules in membraneless compartments or hubs that may undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). In this review, we discuss how embryonic stem cells take advantage of LCD-driven interactions to promote cell-specific transcription, DNA damage response, and DNA repair. We propose that LCD-mediated interactions play key roles in stem cell maintenance and safeguarding genome integrity.

中文翻译：

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低复杂性结构域、凝聚物和干细胞多能性。

生物反应需要复杂细胞环境中因子的自组装。最近的证据表明，在调节因子中发现的内在无序、低复杂性序列域 (LCD) 通过富集可能经历液-液相分离的无膜隔室或集线器中的特定生物分子，介导从基因表达到 DNA 修复再到信号转导的多种细胞过程（LLPS）。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了胚胎干细胞如何利用 LCD 驱动的相互作用来促进细胞特异性转录、DNA 损伤反应和 DNA 修复。我们建议 LCD 介导的相互作用在干细胞维持和保护基因组完整性中起关键作用。