Gravitational-wave sources can serve as standard sirens to probe cosmology by measuring their luminosity distance and redshift. Such standard sirens are also useful to probe theories beyond general relativity with a modified gravitational-wave propagation. Many of previous studies on the latter assume multimessenger observations so that the luminosity distance can be measured with gravitational waves while the redshift is obtained by identifying sources’ host galaxies from electromagnetic counterparts. Given that gravitational-wave events of binary neutron star coalescences with associated electromagnetic counterpart detections are expected to be rather rare, it is important to examine the possibility of using standard sirens with gravitational-wave observations alone to probe gravity. In this paper, we achieve this by extracting the redshift from the tidal measurement of binary neutron stars that was originally proposed within the context of gravitational-wave cosmology (another approach is to correlate “dark sirens” with galaxy catalogs that we do not consider here). We consider not only observations with ground-based detectors (e.g., Einstein Telescope) but also multiband observations between ground-based and space-based (e.g., DECIGO) interferometers. We find that such multiband observations with the tidal information can constrain a parametric non-Einsteinian deviation in the luminosity distance (due to the modified friction in the gravitational wave evolution) more stringently than the case with electromagnetic counterparts by a factor of a few. We also map the above-projected constraints on the parametric deviation to those on specific theories and phenomenological models beyond general relativity to put the former into context.

中文翻译：

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通过双中子星合并的潮汐测量探测修正的引力波传播

引力波源可以作为标准警报器，通过测量它们的光度距离和红移来探测宇宙学。这样的标准警报器也可用于探索超越广义相对论的理论，其中包括改进的引力波传播。以前对后者的许多研究都假设多信使观测，因此可以用引力波测量光度距离，而红移是通过从电磁对应物识别源的宿主星系来获得的。鉴于双中子星合并的引力波事件与相关的电磁对应物探测预计相当罕见，重要的是检查使用标准警报器和引力波观测单独探测引力的可能性。在本文中，我们通过从最初在引力波宇宙学背景下提出的双中子星潮汐测量中提取红移来实现这一点（另一种方法是将“暗警报”与我们在此不考虑的星系目录相关联）。我们不仅考虑使用地基探测器（例如爱因斯坦望远镜）的观测，还考虑地基和空基（例如 DECIGO）干涉仪之间的多波段观测。我们发现，这种具有潮汐信息的多波段观测可以比电磁对应物的情况更严格地限制光度距离中的参数非爱因斯坦偏差（由于引力波演化中的修正摩擦）。