We here estimate past temperature and hydroclimate variations in eastern Anatolia for marine isotope stages 4 to 1 (MIS4 to MIS1) respectively using branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) and the hydrogen isotopic composition of n-C₂₉ leaf-wax n-alkanes (δ²H_wax) stored in the sedimentary record of Lake Van (Turkey). Our millennial-scale lipid biomarker records reflect warm and wet conditions during interstadials/interglacials and colder and dryer periods with increased evapotranspiration and aridity during stadials/glacials. The degree of methylation of the 5-methyl brGDGTs (MBT´_5me) indicates increasing mean annual air temperatures (MAT) during stadial/interstadial transitions, that characterize Dansgaard-Oeschger events, and during the last glacial termination.

Based on the effects of changes in precipitation amount on apparent enrichment factors between the δ²H of the C₂₉ n-alkanes and δ²H of precipitation, a total increase in annual precipitation of about 200 mm during transitions from stadials to interstadials, and of 300–350 mm during glacial-interglacial transitions can be determined, in line with previous paleoclimate reconstructions for the Eastern Mediterranean.

High sterol concentrations in sediments deposited during warm and humid interstadials reflect increases in lake level, vegetation density and algal blooms, whereas lower values of the branched versus isoprenoid tetraethers ratio (BIT) likely reflects the increased niche of Thaumarchaeota resulting from enhanced windiness and mixing of the water column during colder periods. This quantitative hydroclimate reconstruction from Lake Van (Turkey), as it is optimally situated to respond to North Atlantic climate change via changes in the large-scale wind fields shed light into millennial-scale global climate variability.

我们在这里分别使用支化甘油二烷基甘油四醚 (brGDGTs) 和n -C ₂₉叶蜡n -烷烃的氢同位素组成估计了安纳托利亚东部海洋同位素阶段 4 到 1（MIS4 到 MIS1）过去的温度和水文气候变化（ δ ² H_蜡）储存在凡湖（土耳其）的沉积记录中。我们的千禧年规模的脂质生物标志物记录反映了间冰期/间冰期以及寒冷和干燥时期的温暖和潮湿条件，在冰河期/冰期期间蒸发蒸腾和干旱增加。5-甲基 brGDGTs (MBT' _5me)的甲基化程度) 表示在 Stadial / interstadial 过渡期间增加的平均年气温 (MAT)，这是 Dansgaard-Oeschger 事件的特征，以及在最后一次冰川终止期间。

根据降水量变化对C ₂₉正构烷烃δ ² H 与降水δ ² H之间表观富集因子的影响，在地间向间质过渡期间，年降水总量增加约200 mm，可以确定在冰期 - 间冰期过渡期间 300-350 毫米，这与之前对东地中海的古气候重建一致。

在温暖和潮湿的间质沉积物中沉积的高甾醇浓度反映了湖水位、植被密度和藻类大量繁殖的增加，而分支与类异戊二烯四醚比率 (BIT) 的较低值可能反映了由于风力增强和在较冷时期混合水柱。这种来自范湖（土耳其）的定量水文气候重建，因为它处于通过大规模风场变化响应北大西洋气候变化的最佳位置，揭示了千禧年规模的全球气候变化。