Identical twin experiments with and without topography are conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in an idealized framework to investigate the impact of topography on the initial error growth associated with moist convection. A topography is set as a single Gaussian shape mountain with a peak height of about 1000 m. Both experiments show clear diurnal cycles, while moist convection develops earlier and organizes to a larger size in the experiment with topography. To evaluate the initial error growth, a metric referred to as moist difference total energy (MDTE) is proposed to represent the differences between the two simulations in twin experiments. The horizontal spatial distribution, temporal evolution, and horizontal wavenumber space of the MDTE suggest that the error growth is greatly dominated by the different features of convection development between the two experiments. The analysis based on individual cloud areas shows that the convective clouds developing over the mountain have smaller MDTE at the early stage of development.

使用天气研究和预测 (WRF) 模型在理想化框架中进行有和没有地形的相同孪生实验，以研究地形对与湿对流相关的初始误差增长的影响。地形设置为单峰高斯形山，峰高约1000m。两个实验都显示出明显的昼夜循环，而在地形实验中，湿对流发展得更早，并组织成更大的规模。为了评估初始误差增长，提出了一种称为湿差总能量 (MDTE) 的度量标准来表示双实验中两个模拟之间的差异。水平空间分布、时间演变、MDTE 的水平波数空间和水平波数空间表明误差增长很大程度上取决于两个实验之间对流发展的不同特征。基于个别云区的分析表明，在山区发展的对流云在发展初期具有较小的MDTE。